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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 30-40.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00341

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干旱绿洲农田少耕与氮肥配施对土壤理化性质、玉米产量及水氮利用效率的影响

康建军(), 赵文智(), 何志斌, 杨荣, 刘冰, 赵丽雯   

  1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国科学院临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-23 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 赵文智
  • 作者简介:康建军(1982—),男,甘肃张掖人,博士,副研究员,研究方向为绿洲农业生态学、植物生理生态学。E-mail: kangjj14@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划(重点研发计划-国际合作领域)项目(25YFWA009)

Effects of reduced tillage combined with nitrogen application on soil physicochemical propertiesmaize productivityand water and nitrogen use efficiency in the arid oasis farmland

Jianjun Kang(), Wenzhi Zhao(), Zhibin He, Rong Yang, Bin Liu, Liwen Zhao   

  1. Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-03-09
  • Contact: Wenzhi Zhao

摘要:

以玉米“金张掖905”为研究对象,以传统翻耕覆膜不施氮肥为对照(CK),通过连续3 a(2022—2024年)的田间定位试验,研究了传统翻耕覆膜、免耕1 a(NT1)和免耕2 a(NT2)3种耕作措施下,125 kg·hm-2(N1)、250 kg·hm-2(N2)和375 kg·hm-2(N3)3个施纯氮处理对土壤理化特性、玉米产量以及水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明:2 a少耕配施氮肥对土壤容重和孔隙度的改善效果与3 a翻耕施氮肥相比无显著性差异,但提高了土壤养分、玉米产量和水氮利用效率。少耕配施氮肥250 kg·hm-2(NT-N2)的促进效果最明显。与传统翻耕施氮肥3 a后相比,少耕配施氮肥2 a后土壤有机碳、全氮含量分别增加了56.1%~62.7%和8.6%~15.9%,土壤碳氮比维持在12.6~14.06,土壤碱解氮、速效磷以及有效钾含量分别增加了32.8%~38.4%,30.2%~34.6%和21.4%~26.5%,种子产量增加了22.6%~27.1%,WUE和NUE分别增加了39.2%~45.4%和14.5%~32.2%。拟合曲线结果表明,当少耕施氮量为262.5~280.5 kg·hm-2时,可使玉米种子产量均达到最大。通过对比3 a传统翻耕模式下的氮肥施用量,并结合2 a少耕模式下氮肥配施的实际用量,推荐河西走廊干旱绿洲农田少耕配施氮量260~280 kg·hm-2为玉米增产提效的最优管理措施。

关键词: 干旱绿洲农田, 保护性耕作, 氮肥配施, 土壤性质, 玉米产量, 水氮利用效率

Abstract:

In this study, taking the traditional tillage mulching without N application as the controls (CK), a three-year consecutive field experiment was carried out to explore how three different pure nitrogen (N) applications affect the soil physicochemical properties, yield, and water and N use efficiency of corn “Jinzhangye 905” under the traditional tillage mulching, no tillage (NT) for one year, and no tillage for two years. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the improvement effect of soil bulk density and total porosity between reduced tillage with N application for 2 years and traditional tillage mulching with N application for 3 years, while the effect of increasing soil nutrients, promoting maize yield, and improving water and N use efficiency were significantly better than traditional tillage mulching with N application. Among them, the promotion effect of reduced tillage with nitrogen application at 250 kg·hm-2 (NT-N2) was the most significant. Compared with traditional tillage with N application for 3 years, the soil organic carbon (C) and total N contents increased by 56.1%-62.7% and 8.6%-15.9%, respectively, the soil C: N ratio remained at 12.6-14.06, the soil alkali hydrolyzed N (AN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) contents increased by 32.8%-38.4%, 30.2%-34.6%, and 21.4%-26.5%, respectively, the seed yield increased by 22.6%-27.1%, and the WUE and NUE increased by 39.2%-45.4% and 14.5%-32.2%, respectively after 2 a of reduced tillage with N application. The fitting curve results indicated that when the N application rate was 262.5-280.5 kg·hm-2, the maximum corn seed yield could be achieved. By comparing the N application rates under the traditional tillage mode of 3 a and combining with the actual N application rates under the reduced tillage mode of 2 a, it is recommended that the optimal management measure for increasing corn yield and efficiency is reduced tillage with N application rate of 260-280 kg·hm-2 in arid oasis farmland in the Hexi Corridor.

Key words: arid oasis farmland, reduced tillage, nitrogen application, soil properties, maize productivity, water and nitrogen use efficiency

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