img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 262-274.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00047

• • 上一篇    

次季节至季节(S2S)预测初始化方法及其对预报技巧的影响

宋琳琳1,3(), 和玉君2(), 王斌1,4()   

  1. 1.中国科学院大气物理研究所,地球系统数值模拟与应用全国重点实验室,北京 100029
    2.中国科学院大气物理研究所,大气和海洋动力学实验室,北京 100029
    3.中国科学院大学,地球与行星科学学院,北京 100049
    4.中国科学院大学,海洋学院,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2026-02-23 修回日期:2026-04-06 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 和玉君,王斌
  • 作者简介:宋琳琳(1984—),女,辽宁辽阳人,博士研究生,主要从事次季节-季节尺度预测耦合同化研究。E-mail: songlinlin@mail.iap.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42230606);国家自然科学基金项目(12241105);国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFF0810600)

Research progress on initialization methods for subseasonal-to-seasonalS2Sprediction and their impacts on forecast skill

Linlin Song1,3(), Yujun He2(), Bin Wang1,4()   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application /, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
    2.Laboratory of Atmospheric and Oceanic Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China
    3.College of Earth and Planetary Science /, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
    4.College of Marine Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2026-02-23 Revised:2026-04-06 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Yujun He, Bin Wang

摘要:

次季节至季节(Subseasonal-to-Seasonal, S2S)预测介于短期天气预报与长期气候预测之间,其预报技巧在很大程度上取决于气候系统模式的初始化质量。与短期天气预报信号主要来源于初值、季节至年际预测受初值和外强迫的共同影响不同,S2S预测的可预报性来源于对流层大气快变过程与海洋、陆面、平流层等慢变过程的相互作用。如何在初始化中兼顾不同时间尺度过程、增强系统内部一致性,是提高S2S预测能力的关键。本文综述了S2S预测初始化方法的研究进展,依据耦合程度归纳为非耦合、弱耦合和强耦合初始化三类。基于对国内外主要业务中心18个预测系统的分析,当前弱耦合同化在物理一致性、数值稳定性和预报精度等方面均取得了较好的效果,已成为当前业务初始化系统的主流方向。进一步从MJO、ENSO、平流层—对流层耦合、陆面记忆和海冰等可预报性来源出发,讨论了不同同化策略的作用及其对极端事件次季节预测的影响,并对强耦合同化面临的方法学挑战及未来发展方向进行了展望。

关键词: 次季节至季节(S2S)预测, 耦合同化, 初始冲击, 可预报性来源, 人工智能

Abstract:

Subseasonal-to-seasonal (S2S) prediction lies between short-range weather forecasting and long-term climate prediction, and its forecast skill depends to a large extent on the initialization quality of climate system model. Unlike short-range weather forecasts, whose signals mainly come from initial conditions, and seasonal-to-interannual predictions, which are influenced by both initial condition and external forcing, the predictability of S2S forecasts arises from the interactions between fast atmospheric processes in the troposphere and slower processes such as those in the ocean, land surface, and stratosphere. How to account for processes operating on different timescales during initialization and to enhance the internal consistency of the coupled system is the key to improving S2S prediction capability. This paper reviews the recent progress in initialization methods for S2S prediction and classifies them into uncoupled, weakly coupled, and strongly coupled initialization approaches according to the degree of coupling. Based on an analysis of 18 forecasting systems from major operational centers worldwide, weakly coupled data assimilation currently achieves good performance in terms of physical consistency, numerical stability, and forecast skill, and has become the mainstream approach for operational initialization. Furthermore, starting from the major sources of S2S predictability, including the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO), the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), stratosphere-troposphere coupling, land-surface memory, and sea ice, the study discusses the roles of different assimilation strategies and their influence on subseasonal prediction of extreme events. The methodological challenges facing strongly coupled data assimilation and possible future directions are also discussed.

Key words: subseasonal-to-seasonal (s2s) prediction, coupled data assimilation, initialization shock, sources of predictability, artificial intelligence

中图分类号: