我国北方春季沙尘暴与气候因子之关系

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用我国北方1954—2005年470个站点的春季沙尘暴资料和相应的气候资料,在合理区划沙尘暴易发地区的基础上,采用气象统计分析中的相关分析方法,对沙尘暴与气温、降水量、相对湿度、地温、风速、风蚀指数等气候因子间的相关性进行了统计分析,研究各个区域沙尘暴发生的气候特征,并提出了春季沙尘暴多发的简单气候概念模型。结果表明:①气候要素与我国北方春季沙尘暴的发生有一定的耦合关系,南疆的沙尘暴与气候要素的相关性最好,而北疆的最差。与沙尘暴相关性最好的气候因子是风速,其次是风蚀指数。②我国北方春季沙尘暴多发的简单的气候概念模型:前期（前冬）,北、南疆地区较常年多干冷的西北气流;青藏东南地区和柴达木地区多暖湿的西南气流;河西地区、河套地区和东北地区为冷湿的偏西气流偏多。同期（春季）,北、南疆地区较往年干燥且多大风;青藏东南地区和柴达木地区暖干;河西地区、河套地区和东北地区冷且多大风。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 相关系数, 气候特征

Abstract: The relation between climatic characters and dust storm in spring in northern China is mainly studied by using the data of dust storms and corresponding climatic data during 1954—2005, based on the reasonable regional division. The correlation between frequency of dust storm and climatic factors is analyzed, including air temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, ground temperature, wind speed and index of wind erosion.
The results of this study are as follow:
①The frequency of dust storm is highly associated with the change of climatic factors in China. The relation between frequency of dust storm and climatic factors is the best in South Xinjiang, the worst in North Xinjiang. In addition, the climatic factor in highest correlation with frequency of dust storm is wind speed, second is index of wind erosion.
②The conditions of high frequency of dust storm in spring in northern China were drawn. In pre-spring, the dry-cold northwestern airflows are stronger and more frequent in North Xinjiang and South Xinjiang regions than the normal, the warm-moist southwestern airflows increase in southeastern Qinghai-Xizang and Chaidamu regions, and the cold-moist airflows are frequent in Hexi region, Hetao and northeastern China regions. In spring, compared with the normal, South Xinjiang and North Xinjiang are dryer and strongly windy, southeastern Qinghai-Xizang and Chaidamu regions are dryer and warmer, and Hetao and northeastern China regions are colder and strongly windy.

Key words: dust storm, correlation coefficient, climatic character

中图分类号:

P466+P445.4

王金艳;王式功;马艳;刘洪芝;张良. 我国北方春季沙尘暴与气候因子之关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(2): 296-300.

WANG Jin-yan;WANG Shi-gong;MA Yan;LIU Hong-zhi;ZHANG Liang. Relation between Climatic Characters and Dust Storm in Spring in Northern China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2007, 27(2): 296-300.

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