柴达木盆地沙尘暴天气影响因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00066

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以柴达木盆地9个地面气象站点1961-2016年的逐日观测资料，分析该地区沙尘暴发生频率与气象因子和地表因子的关系，对比沙尘暴发生日与未发生日的气象因子和地表因子的差异。结果表明：①柴达木盆地沙尘暴日数与风速、大风日数有显著正相关关系，是影响最大的气象因子；气温与沙尘暴日数存在正相关性，但各地区有差异；相对湿度和降水对沙尘暴日数有明显的抑制作用；日照时数与沙尘暴日数存在弱的正相关关系。②植被对沙尘暴有抑制作用，但对柴达木盆地北部沙尘暴日数的抑制作用不显著；冻土深度对沙尘暴的影响存在滞后效应，滞后时间为2-3月。③沙尘暴发生时日最低气温偏高，相对湿度偏大，降水偏多，风速明显偏大，日照时数偏小，气温（地温）差偏小；日照时数小是沙尘暴发生的必要不充分条件。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 气象因子, 地表因子, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: Based on the daily data of 9 meteorological stations during 1961-2016 in Qaidam Basin, the correlation between dust storm frequency and meteorological and surface factors was analyzed, and the difference of both factors between dust storm occurrence and not was identified. Results showed that the wind speeds and strong wind days were the most influential factors to dust storm frequency; Temperature was a positive factor, but different in every county; Humidity was a negative factor; The effect of precipitation on dust storm was accumulated; It was weak positive correlation between sunshine hours and dust storm. Vegetation inhabited dust storm, but not significantly in north of Qaidam Basin; The effect of frozen soil depth on dust storm was lagged by 2-3 months. There were higher temperature minimum, humidity, precipitation, wind speeds, and lower sunshine hours, difference in temperature in dust storm weather. Sunshine hours was necessary and not sufficient condition to dust storms.

Key words: dust storm, meteorological factors, surface factors, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

P427.2

李璠, 肖建设, 祁栋林, 李林. 柴达木盆地沙尘暴天气影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(2): 144-150.

Li Fan, Xiao Jianshe, Qi Donglin, Li Lin. Impact Factors of Dust Storms in Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(2): 144-150.

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