新月形沙丘与线性沙丘共存区域风况特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00072

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 与火星类似，柴达木盆地的新月形沙丘和线性沙丘共存现象引起了众多学者的关注。为探究该现象的发育环境和形成条件，以全球典型新月形沙丘和线性沙丘共存区域为研究对象，选取研究区域附近气象站点3 a风速、风向数据，分析这些典型区的风况特征。结果表明：不同的新月形沙丘与线性沙丘共存区域，风速存在明显差异，柴达木盆地和塔克拉玛干沙漠共存区域年平均风速和最大风速均小于沙特阿拉伯沙漠和撒哈拉沙漠；起沙风风向控制沙丘走向，多数共存区域全年起沙风风向较单一，部分区域存在明显的主次风，且主次风风向夹角为锐角；新月形沙丘和线性沙丘可共存于在高、中、低风能环境，中、低风向变率锐双峰或宽单峰风况，沙丘发育受风能环境影响较小，可能受风向变率、下垫面和沙源供应影响大；合成输沙势方向与沙丘走向一致且季节变化小，输沙方向稳定。部分气象站点距离研究区较远，对于研究区的风况指示意义有限。

关键词: 沙丘, 共存, 风况, 输沙势, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: The coexistence of barchan and linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin, similar to Mars, has attracted the attention of many scholars. In order to explore the development and formation environment of the co-existing barchan and linear dunes, this paper takes the typical coexisting barchan and linear dunes as the research object, and selects three years of wind data from the meteorological stations near the study area, analysis the wind regime in the coexisting dune regions. The results indicate that there are significant differences in wind speed between different coexisting dunes, the average annual and maximum wind speed in the Qaidam Basin and the Taklimakan Desert are smaller than those in the Saudi Arabia and the Sahara Desert. The threshold wind direction control the orientation of sand dunes, most rangesare uniform throughout the year, and there are obvious primary and secondary winds, which angle between them is acute.In all energy environments and intermediate or low ratio acute bimodal or broad unimodal wind regime, the coexistence of barchan and linear dunes can form, whose development is less affected by the wind energy environment, maybe affected by the wind direction variability, underlying surface, and the sand supply. Seasonal variations of the direction of resultant drift potential is small,and the direction is consistent with the sand dunes, the sand transport directions is stable. In addition, due to the fact that some meteorological stations are far away from typical research areas, the significance of the indication for wind is restricted.

Key words: dune, coexistence, wind regime, sand dirft potential, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

P931.3

马芳, 吕萍. 新月形沙丘与线性沙丘共存区域风况特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(3): 98-106.

Ma Fang, Lü Ping. Wind Regime in Coexisting Region of Barchan and Linear Dunes[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(3): 98-106.

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