img

官方微信

高级检索

中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 1-8.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00112

• • 上一篇    下一篇

反向沙丘近地层气流变化及其对沙丘形态的影响

潘凯佳1,2(), 张正偲1(), 梁爱民1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-06 修回日期:2020-10-12 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 张正偲
  • 作者简介:张正偲(E-mail: zhangzhsi@sina.com)
    潘凯佳(1998—),女,山西大同人,硕士研究生,主要从事风沙地貌研究。E-mail: pankaijia18@mails.ucas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41771011);西藏自治区“十三五”重点规划项目“雅江北岸易地扶贫搬迁区沙尘监测与预报预警系统建设”

The characteristics of inner boundary layer airflow over reversing dunes and its effect on dune morphological evolution

Kaijia Pan1,2(), Zhengcai Zhang1(), Aimin Lang1,2   

  1. 1.Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2020-07-06 Revised:2020-10-12 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-26
  • Contact: Zhengcai Zhang

摘要:

反向沙丘形态-动力学过程是风沙地貌的重要研究内容。选择腾格里沙漠东南缘推平沙地发育的反向沙丘为研究对象,采用二维超声风速仪对沙丘表面5个位置0.25 m和0.5 m高度的气流进行野外观测。结果表明:(1)气流方向影响近地层气流特征。以沙丘脊线垂线为轴,0.25 m高度处沙丘脊线的垂线两侧风向变化不完全对称。当丘顶气流方向与脊线垂线角度差值为负时,迎风坡底部风速恢复较慢。(2)背风坡气流特征受风向控制。背风坡0.25 m与0.5 m高度气流变化规律相似,在背风坡中部发生偏转,但沙丘顶部气流方向与脊线垂线相差<10°时发生反向偏转。丘顶风向为285°—315°(左偏)时,0.25 m高度的偏转角度大于0.5 m高度的偏转角度。背风坡0.25 m与0.5 m高度处风速表现为脊线垂线两侧风速变化不一致。(3)沙丘表面气流影响沙丘形态。观测期间沙丘脊线发生明显移动,移动值为0.33 m。背风坡发生堆积,最大堆积厚度为0.44 m,迎风坡发生风蚀,最大风蚀深度为0.43 m。该研究结果证实了风在风沙地貌演化中的重要作用,为反向沙丘形态演化数值模拟提供数据支持。

关键词: 反向沙丘, 超声风速仪, 风速, 风向, 形态

Abstract:

The morphology-dynamic processing of reversing dune is an important issue in Aeolian geomorphology, but a little research have been done for these dunes, which limits our understanding of the dunes formation and development. For this reason, a developing reversing dunes in the southeast edge of Tengger Desert was selected. Ten-dimensional ultrasonic anemometer was used and set up at top, crest leeward stoss, dune toe, and windward stoss at 0.25 m and 0.5 m height over dune surface. The results indicated that: (1) The direction of airflow affects characteristics of airflow. Wind directions were not completely symmetry on the left and right sides of an axis perpendicular to the crest at 0.25 m height. When the flow angle between airflow directions and the direction of perpendicular line to the crest are negative, the wind speed at the windward slope recovers slowly. (2) The airflow characteristics of leeward slope are controlled by the wind direction. The variation of airflow at 0.25 m and 0.5 m height are similar, and deflection occurs in the middle of the leeward slope, and reversing deflection occurs within a range of 10° between the airflow direction at the top of the dune and perpendicular to the crest. However, when the wind at the top of the dune is 285°-315°, the deflection at 0.25 m is greater than that 0.5 m. The wind speed of 0.25 m and 0.5 m at the leeward slope is inconsistent on both sides of the direction perpendicular line to the crest. (3) Dune surface airflow affects dune morphology. During the observation period, the crest of dune moved significantly with a movement value of 0.33 m. Sediment accumulation occurred on leeward slope with the maximum thickness of 0.44 m, and erosion occurred on windward slope with the maximum depth of 0.43 m. The results of this study are important to clarify the effect of wind in the evolution of dune morphology and provide data for numerical simulation.

Key words: reversing dunes, sonic anemometer, wind speed, wind direction, morphology

中图分类号: