沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）种子库空间分布和影响因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00059

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤种子库是潜在的植被，对植物种群的繁衍及未来植被的结构具有重要影响。选择内蒙古奈曼、宁夏沙坡头、甘肃民勤和敦煌，研究了沙丘部位、沙丘固定程度、植被类型、土层深度对沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）土壤种子库的影响。结果表明：流动沙丘沙米土壤种子库密度以民勤最大，达到51粒·m^-2，分别是奈曼、沙坡头、敦煌的2、4、3倍；流动沙丘不同部位沙米种子库差异显著，沙米种子集中分布于沙丘迎风坡、背风坡脚，零星分布于沙丘顶部和背风坡，沙丘顶部种子库只占迎风坡的28%，背风坡只占背风坡脚的30%；沙米土壤种子库主要分布于60 cm以上的土层中，近地表0~20 cm种子数量占种子总量的50%以上；随着沙丘流动程度的降低，土壤种子库密度呈减小趋势，流动沙丘土壤种子密度可达到401 粒·m^-2，而到固定沙丘急剧减少甚至完全消失；沙米与沙拐枣组建的群落0~15 cm土壤种子库总密度达800 粒·m^-2，是沙米群落土壤种子库密度的2倍、白刺+沙米群落的3倍、梭梭+沙米群落的6倍；沙米土壤种子库与地上种群密度间存在显著的线性关系，沙米地上种群密度随土壤种子库密度增加而增加。显然，土壤种子库及其分布是沙米适应恶劣风沙环境和自我繁衍的重要保障，受区域环境、地上植被、土地类型、土壤深度等多种因素的影响。在沙化土地封禁保护与防沙治沙中，要禁止对沙米地上资源的采收活动，以补充沙米土壤种子库。

关键词: 土壤种子库, 种子分布, 沙丘部位, 植被类型, 沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）

Abstract:

Soil seed bank is a potential vegetation, which has an important impact on the stability of regional ecosystems and the structure and function of future vegetation. In this study, four ecological regions, Naiman, Shapotou, Minqin and Dunhuang, were selected to study the effects of sand dune location, sand type, vegetation, and soil depth on Agriophyllum. squarrosum soil seed bank. The results of this study indicated that the soil seed bank density of mobile sand dune in Minqin is the highest, with an average density of 51 grain /m², which are 2 times, 4 times, and 3 times that of Naiman, Shapotou, and Dunhuang; There are significant differences in the A. squarrosum seed bank in different parts of the mobile sand dunes; The seed bank of A. squarrosum mainly distributed in the middle of the windward slope and the foot of the leeward slope of the sand dunes, and scattered at the top of the dune and the leeward slope. The seed bank at the top of the dune only accounts for 28% of the middle windward slope, and the middle leeward slope only accounts for 30% of the leeward slope foot. The soil seed bank of A. squarrosum was mainly exists in the soil layer above 60 cm, the seed of 0-20 cm near the surface accounts for above 50% of the total seed quantity. With the dune fixation process, the density of soil seed bank is decreasing. The density of soil seed in mobile sand can reach 401 grain·m^-2, and it will decrease or even disappear completely in fixed sand; The total density of the soil seed bank of 0-15 cm in the community formed by A. squarrosum and C. arborescens was 800 grain·m^-2, which was twice that of A. squarrosum, 2 times of N. tangutorum + A. squarrosum, 6 times of H. ammodendron + A. squarrosum community; There was a significant linear relationship between A. squarrosum soil seed bank and the above-ground population. The soil seed density increased with the increase of the above-ground population density. Obviously, the soil seed bank and its distribution are important guarantees for A. squarrosum to adapt to severe wind and sand environment, and an important guarantee for self-reproduction，it was affected by various factors such as regional environment, above-ground changes, land type, soil depth, etc. In order to protect the desertified land, it is necessary to prohibit the harvesting of the resources on the sand land to supplement the soil seed bank of sand land.

Key words: soil seed bank, seed distribution, position on sand dune, vegetation type, Agriophyllum squarrosum

中图分类号:

Q948.1

陈芳, 马全林, 魏林源, 张德魁, 袁宏波, 丁峰, 胡小柯, 张忠. 沙米（Agriophyllum squarrosum）种子库空间分布和影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(4): 190-196.

Fang Chen, Quanlin Ma, Linyuan Wei, Dekui Zhang, Hongbo Yuan, Feng Ding, Xiaoke Hu, Zhong Zhang. Soil seed bank characteristics of Agriophyllum squarrosum[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(4): 190-196.

图/表 7

图1 不同生态区沙米土壤种子库密度不同字母表示差异显著，P<0.05

Fig.1 Soil seed banks of A. squarrosum in different area

图2 土壤种子库不同密度取样点个数百分比

Fig.2 Density percentage of soil seed bank

图3 不同沙丘部位沙米土壤种子库密度

Fig.3 Soil seed banks of A. squarrosum in different part of sand dunes

图4 不同沙丘固定程度土壤种子库密度不同小写字母表示相同深度的密度差异，P<0.05

Fig.4 Soil seed banks in different dune fixation

图5 民勤不同植被沙米土壤种子库密度不同小写字母表示相同深度的密度差异，P<0.05

Fig.5 Soil seed banks of A. squarrosum in the different vegetations

图6 民勤沙米种子库密度垂直分布特征不同小写字母表示相同深度的密度差异，P<0.05

Fig.6 The vertical distribution characteristics of A. squarrosum seed banks in Minqin County

图7 沙米地上种群密度与土壤种子库密度的相关性

Fig.7 Correlation between above-ground population density and soil seed banks

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