新疆大气水汽通量及其净收支的计算和分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过对NCEP 2.5°×2.5°再分析资料与NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料和探空资料的比较，讨论了该资料在新疆的适用性，并在此基础上计算和分析了新疆1948—2007年60 a的大气水汽通量及其净收支情况。结果表明，新疆大气水汽输送主要受三支水汽输送带影响：西伯利亚和蒙古方向的西北风水汽输送带、孟加拉湾路径到达新疆南部的西南风水汽输送带和来自大西洋的西风水汽输送带；夏季新疆主要受两股水汽通量影响，即西风和西北风，冬季新疆则主要受西风水汽输送带的影响，仅南疆盆地受来自青藏高原中西部的西南暖湿气流的影响；新疆地区空中水汽1978年以前主要来源于经向输送，而1978年以后纬向输送增加，其水汽净收支由经向和纬向水汽共同提供，但经向水汽的贡献仍最大。

关键词: 新疆, 水汽通量, 净收支, NCEP再分析资料, 探空资料

Abstract: Based on the comparison between NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data and NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and sounding data, the appropriation of the NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data in Xinjiang is discussed. By using the NCEP 2.5°×2.5° reanalysis data, the water vapor transportation and its net income in Xinjiang from 1948 to 2007 are calculated. The results show as follows. (1) The water vapor transportation in spring and autumn is mainly affected by three water conveyor belt, namely, the northwest direction moisture conveyor belt from Siberia and Mongolia, the southwest water vapor conveyor belt from Bay of Bengal and the western water vapor conveyor belt from the Atlantic. In summer, the water vapor in Xinjiang is mainly from the western water vapor conveyor belt and the northwest direction moisture conveyor belt; In winter, the water vapor in Xinjiang is mainly from the western water vapor conveyor belt and only the southern-Xinjiang basin is affected partly by the southwest water vapor conveyor belt from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. (2) The water vapor was supplied mainly by longitudinal water vapor transportation before 1978; after 1978 the water vapor from latitudinal water vapor transportation increased, nevertheless, longitudinal water vapor transportation made most of the contribution to the net income of water vapor.

Key words: Xinjiang, water vapor transportation, net income, NCEP reanalysis data, sounding data

中图分类号:

P434

刘蕊;;杨青. 新疆大气水汽通量及其净收支的计算和分析[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(5): 1221-1228.

LIU Rui;YANG Qing. Calculation and Analysis of Water Vapor Transportation and its Net Income in Xinjiang[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(5): 1221-1228.

参考文献

[1]Starr V P.Direct measurement of the hemispheric pole ward flux of water vapor[J].Journal of Meteorological Research,1955,14:217－225.
[2]Chen T C.Global water vapor flux and maintenance during FGGE[J].Monthly Weather Review,1985,113(10):1801－1819.
[3]Chen T C,Tzeng R Y.Global-scale intra seasonal and annual variation of divergent water vapor flux[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,1990,44:133－151.
[4]徐淑英.我国的水汽输送和水分平衡[J].气象学报,1958,29(1):33－43.
[5]谢义炳,戴武杰.中国东部地区夏季竖起输送个例计算[J].气象学报,1959,30(2):173－185.
[6]陈隆勋,朱乾根,罗会邦,等.东亚季风[M].北京:气象出版社,1991:49－61.
[7]王宝鉴,黄玉霞,何金海,等.东亚夏季风期间水汽输送与西北干旱的关系[J].高原气象,2004,23(6):912－918.
[8]张家宝,邓子风.新疆降水概论[M].北京:气象出版社,1987.
[9]史玉光,孙照渤.新疆大气可降水量的气候特征及其变化[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):519－525.
[10]刘国伟.水文循环的大气过程 [M].北京:科学出版社,1997:29－53.
[11]史玉光,孙照渤.新疆水汽输送的气候特征及其变化[J].高原气象,2008,27(2):310－318.
[12]王劲松,魏锋.西北地区5-9月极度干期长度异常的气候特征[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(3):517－519.
[13]施雅风.中国西北气候由暖干向暖湿转型问题评估[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:50－72.
[14]赵天保,艾丽坤,冯锦明.NCEP再分析资料和中国站点观测资料的分析和比较[J].气候与环境研究,2004,9(2):278－293.
[15]张琼,钱永甫.用NCEP/NCAR再分析辐射资料估算月平均地表反射率[J].地理学报,1999,59(4):309－317.
[16]Wu R G,Xie S P.On equatorial pacific surface wind changes around 1997: NCEP-NCAR reanalysis versus COADS observation[J].Journal of Climate,2003,16(1):167－173.
[17]郭江勇,李耀辉,吴红.西北地区春季多雨与少雨年的高空环流特征[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(1):60－64.
[18]纳丽,丁永红,郑广芬,等.宁夏春季降水及其典型年份水汽通量特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(3):562－566.
[19]姚宗国,赵光平,王咏青,等.西北太平洋台风对西北地区东部降水的影响分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1156－1162.
[20]高子毅,张健新,廖飞佳.新疆中天山北坡40a夏季降水量变化[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):581－585.
[21]蔡英,钱正安,吴统文,等.青藏高原及周围地区大气可降水量的分布、变化与各地多变的降水气候[J].高原气象,2004,23(1):1－10.
[22]赵庆云,赵红岩,刘新伟.西北东部极端降水事件及异常旱涝季节变化倾向[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(5):745－749.