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中国沙漠 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 13-21.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00060

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新疆风沙灾害风险评估

王玉竹(), 闫浩文(), 王小平   

  1. 兰州交通大学 测绘与地理信息学院/地理国情监测技术应用国家地方联合工程研究中心/甘肃省地理国情监测工程实验室,甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-01 修回日期:2020-06-05 出版日期:2020-12-09 发布日期:2020-12-09
  • 通讯作者: 闫浩文
  • 作者简介:闫浩文(E-mail: haowen2010@gmail.com
    王玉竹(1989—),女,甘肃文县人,硕士研究生,主要从事气候变化与自然灾害评价研究。 E-mail: yuzh8160@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0504203);国家自然科学基金项目(41671447);兰州交通大学优秀平台项目(201806)

Risk assessment of wind-sand disaster in Xinjiang China

Yuzhu Wang(), Haowen Yan(), Xiaoping Wang   

  1. Faculty of Geomatics / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring / Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring,Lanzhou Jiaotong University,Lanzhou 730070,China
  • Received:2020-04-01 Revised:2020-06-05 Online:2020-12-09 Published:2020-12-09
  • Contact: Haowen Yan

摘要:

基于三因子灾害理论,从致灾因子、孕灾环境和承灾体3个方面出发,利用主观与客观相结合的方法,构建了3因素14个指标风沙灾害风险度评估模型,并对新疆风沙灾害的风险性进行了评估。结果表明:(1)致灾因子高危区域主要位于沙源丰富、风速较高的塔克拉玛干沙漠和库姆塔格沙漠腹地;(2)孕灾环境高敏感性区域主要在降水稀少、蒸发强烈、植被覆盖率低的塔克拉玛干、古尔班通古特、库姆塔格等沙漠地区;(3)承灾体高易损性区域主要在乌鲁木齐、哈密、克拉玛依、伊犁、库尔勒、喀什等大中型城市的城区附近,库车、轮台等县区也零星分布着高易损性区域;(4)根据不同的致灾原因,风沙灾害极高风险性区域可概括为3类:资源型、农业型和城市型;(5)资源型主要包括石西油田、彩南油田、轮南油田、依奇克里克油田以及塔中油田等基地;农业型主要包括洛浦县、策勒县、于田县、且末县和尉犁县;城市型主要包括吐鲁番、库尔勒和克拉玛依市。

关键词: 致灾因子, 孕灾环境, 承灾体, 风沙灾害, 风险性评估, 新疆

Abstract:

Based on the three-factor disaster theory, the assessment model of wind-sand disaster risk with the three factors and fourteen indexes was established by combining subjective and objective methods from the three aspects of disaster-causing factors, disaster-bearing environment and disaster-bearing body, and the risk assessment of wind-sand disaster in Xinjiang was carried out. The results show that: (1) The highly risk areas of disaster-causing factors are mainly distributed in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert and Kumtag Desert with rich sand and strong wind. (2) The highly sensitive areas of disaster-bearing environment are mainly concentrated in the Taklimakan Desert, the Kumtag Desert and the Gurbantunggut Desert with poor precipitation, strong evaporation and low vegetation coverage. (3) The highly vulnerable areas of disaster-bearing bodies are mainly concentrated near the urban areas of large and medium-sized cities such as Urumqi, Hami, Karamay, Yili, Korla and Kashgar. In addition, other counties also have scattered areas of high vulnerability. (4) According to the different reasons, the highly risk areas of wind-sand disaster can be divided into three types: resource type, agricultural type and urban type. (5) The resource type are mainly distributed in oilfield bases such as Shixi, Cainan, Lunnan, Yiqikailike and Tazhong, and the agricultural type mainly includes Lupu county, Cele county, Yutian county, Qiemo county and Yuli county, and the urban type mainly includes Turpan, Korla and Karamay city.

Key words: disaster-causing factors, disaster-bearing environment, disaster-bearing body, wind-sand disaster, risk assessment, Xinjiang

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