放牧制度下荒漠草原主要植物生物量及能量分配研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以内蒙古苏尼特右旗短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,通过划区轮牧与自由放牧的比较试验,从植物构件方面研究了3种主要植物种短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭营养枝、生殖枝、分蘖节及其根生物量和能量分配对不同放牧制度的响应。结果表明,禁牧和划区轮牧有利于植物的地上部分生长和有性繁殖,自由放牧区短花针茅和无芒隐子草将把更多的资源和能量用于营养生长,有性生殖严重受阻,以抵御不利的生长环境；划区轮牧提高了碱韭分蘖节的生物量、短花针茅和碱韭构件能量现存量及总能量现存量。短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭根的生物量、能量现存量、生物量分配比例以及根冠比能量现存量、根的能量分配比例划区轮牧区与自由放牧区均高于禁牧对照区；短花针茅、无芒隐子草和碱韭不同构件及植株整体热值划区轮牧区也高于自由放牧区。营养枝与生殖枝的生物量和能量分配没有显著的颉颃关系,但营养枝与分蘖节生物量和能量分配比例间呈显著的颉颃关系。

关键词: 放牧制度, 短花针茅草原, 植物种, 生物量分配, 能量分配

Abstract: Effects of different grazing systems, continuous and rotational grazing, on biomass and energy allocation of main organs of dominant plant species, Stipa breviflora, Cleistogenes songorica and Allium polyhizum, in desert steppe of Sunite Right Banner of Inner Mongolia were investigated. Results show that non-grazing and rotational grazing are beneficial to plant growth and sexual reproduction; much resource and energy are used for vegetative growth, but sexual reproduction is seriously prohibited for S. breviflora and C. songorica under continuous grazing system; rotational grazing increases tiller nodes biomass of A. polyhizum, energy of standing crop and total standing crop of population organs of S. breviflora and A. polyhizum; biomass, standing crop of energy, allocation proportion of roots, and ratio of root to crown of the dominant plant species in rotational and continuous grazing plots are higher than that in non-grazing plots; and thermal energy per unit of main organs and whole plants of dominant species in the desert steppe in rotational grazing plots are higher than that in continuous grazing. There is no significantly oppositional relationship between biomass and energy of vegetative shoot and reproductive branches, but significantly oppositional relationship between tiller nodes and vegetative shoots is observed in this study.

Key words: grazing system, Stipa Breviflora steppe, plant specie, biomass allocation, energy allocationss

中图分类号:

Q948

卫智军;闫瑞瑞;运向军;褚文彬;杨静. 放牧制度下荒漠草原主要植物生物量及能量分配研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2011, 31(5): 1124-1130.

WEI Zhi-jun;YAN Rui-rui;YUN Xiang-jun;CHU Wen-bin;YANG Jing. Study on Biomass and Energy Allocation of Major Plant Species in Desert Steppe under Different Grazing Systems[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2011, 31(5): 1124-1130.

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