呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑研究（Ⅱ）:发育过程

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙质草原风蚀坑的发育过程主要有以下几个阶段:风蚀裸地→土层破口→活跃发展风蚀坑→固定风蚀坑→消亡风蚀坑。固定或消亡的风蚀坑可能活化,并重新进入活跃发展阶段。地貌发育则相应地经历典型草原景观→沙漠-草原景观→沙地-草原景观的总体演变过程。风蚀坑的发展有极限控制。但是各类沙丘的固定非常困难,有向大规模典型沙漠景观发展的高度危险。风蚀坑的形成发展和植被的演替将平坦单调缺水的典型草原改造成地形起伏多变,并有星散分布的风蚀坑湿地点缀其间、植被类型丰富多样的乔、灌、草相结合的沙地疏林草原。因地制宜地保护和利用沙质草原,可以保持其生态系统不致恶化并促进其不断优化。

关键词: 地表土层, 掏蚀作用, 风蚀坑, 发育过程, 沙漠化, 风沙地貌

Abstract:

Development of sandy grassland blowout has mainly the following stages: Aeolian bare soil, crevasse in soil layer, actively developing blowout, fixed blowout, dieing out blowout. Fixed and dieing blowouts may re-active when environment condition worsens or human disturbance increases. Accordingly landform changes from typical grassland to desert-grassland, and sandland-grassland when blowouts are fixed by grassland vegetation but dunes remain active or to some degree fixed by shrubs or trees. The ultimate result of blowout is aeolian depression, which is somewhat easy to control, the coinstantaneous dunes are difficult to fix, and are highly dangerous for further development toward desert landscape. The development of blowouts and succession of vegetations change the typical flat, monotonous and dry grassland into undulating sand land-grassland with colorful vegetation of grass, shrubs and trees, and scattered blowout ponds. Efficient protection and rational utilization of sandy grassland in accordance with the practical situation along with its direction of evolution could maintain the natural ecosystem and even to facilitate it toward optimization, instead of the opposite.

Key words: top soil layer, basal sapping, process of blowout development, sandy desertification, aeolian geomorphology

中图分类号:

S157.1

张德平;孙宏伟;王效科;冯宗炜. 呼伦贝尔沙质草原风蚀坑研究（Ⅱ）:发育过程[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007, 27(1): 20-24.

ZHANG A MungkDalai;SUN Hong-wei;WANG Xiao-ke;FENG Zong-wei. HulunBuir Sandy Grassland Blowouts(Ⅱ): Process of Development and Landscape Evolution[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2007, 27(1): 20-24.

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