1958—2007年黄土高原沙尘暴和降雨的时空变化研究

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00121

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

风沙活动和降雨是引发干旱-湿润过渡区水土流失和一些环境问题的主要根源。本文基于气象站记录的沙尘暴和降雨量资料,利用ArcGIS 9.2软件,采用累积曲线和累积距平百分率等方法分析了黄土高原地区近50年（1958－2007年）沙尘暴日数和降雨量的时空变化。结果表明：（1）年内分布不均,沙尘暴主要发生在春季,占到全年的54%,降雨主要集中在汛期,占到全年的71%;（2）近50年年沙尘暴日数呈明显减少趋势,年降雨量表现出了一定程度的减少趋向,但远不及沙尘暴明显;（3）以年沙尘暴5 d等值线和年降雨量350 mm等值线作为衡量线,发现随总量的减少,年沙尘暴日数≥5 d和降雨量≥350 mm覆盖范围表现出不同程度的缩小,沙尘暴的缩小范围远大于降雨量的。

关键词: 黄土高原, 沙尘暴, 降雨, 时空变化

Abstract:

Soil and water loss and some other environment problems resulted from couple of aeolian and fluvial process in arid-humid transition zone. Based on meteorological data got from the National Meteorological Center of China, spatial-temporal variation of sand-dust storm days and precipitation during 1958-2007 in the Loess Plateau was studied. Sand-dust storm days and precipitation are unevenly distributed within a year. Sandstorm occurred mainly in spring, accounted for 54% of annual days, and precipitation was mainly concentrated in the flood season, accounted for 71% for the whole year. The annual sand-dust storm days decreased markedly, and the annual precipitation decreased unobviously; Analysis on the isoline maps of the 5-day sand-dust storm and 350 mm annual precipitation showed the area with annual sand-dust storm days more than 5 and with annual precipitation more than 350 mm deceased with the time, while the change of the area with annual sand-dust storm days more than 5 was more remarkable than that with precipitation more than 350 mm.

Key words: the Loess Plateau, sand-dust storms, precipitation, spatio-temporal variation

中图分类号:

P467

颜明1, 王彩侠2, 王随继1, 闫云霞1, 许炯心1. 1958—2007年黄土高原沙尘暴和降雨的时空变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3): 850-856.

YAN Ming1, WANG Cai-xia2, WANG Sui-ji1, YAN Yun-xia1, XU Jiong-xin1 . Spatial-temporal Variation of Sand-dust Storms and Precipitation during 1958-2007 in the Loess Plateau[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(3): 850-856.

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