降雨量、土壤蓄水量对流动沙地土壤水分深层渗漏的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤水分深层渗漏是陆地近地层水分循环的重要环节。利用土壤水分深层渗漏记录仪对毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘不同深度土层的土壤渗漏水量连续进行两年定点监测。结果表明：（1）2016年生长季（4月1日至10月31日）降水量为2017年的1.93倍，但50、100、200 cm沙层的渗漏水量分别是2017年同期的4.53、5.53，5.22倍。同时，渗漏水量与降雨量及土壤蓄水量的波峰较一致。（2）强降雨对深层渗漏水量的影响较大，土壤蓄水量的变化也与深层渗漏水量密切相关；降雨量较小时，土壤蓄水量与深层渗漏水量之间的关系更为密切。在连续降雨过程中，越往深处，渗漏的产生通常是多次降雨过程累积的结果，将土壤蓄水量作为中间变量，能更好地分析土壤深层渗漏过程。（3）当天蓄水量与次日渗漏水量的相关系数较高，土层越深，深层渗漏水量与土壤蓄水量的相关系数增加，二者之间的线性拟合的R²也相应增加。

关键词: 降雨量, 土壤蓄水量, 渗漏水量, 深度, 流动沙地

Abstract: Soil deep percolation is an important link of the water cycle in the near-terrestrial stratum, and it is one of the processes related to precipitation infiltration and groundwater recharge. In this study, the real-time monitoring of soil deep percolation of typical mobile sand land in Mu Us Sand Land was carried out by using the soil deep percolation recorder, the following conclusions were drawn:(1) The precipitation in the growing season of 2016 (from April 1 to October 31) was 1.93 times of that in 2017, while the percolation of 50, 100 and 200 cm sand layer were 4.53 times, 5.53 times and 5.22 times of the same period in 2017. The variation range of soil water storage in 2016 was also significantly larger than that in 2017. There was a good correspondence between the percolation and the peaks of rainfall and soil water storage. (2) For heavy rainfall, rainfall had a greater impact on the amount of deep percolation, and the change of soil water storage was closely related to the amount of deep percolation; for less rainfall, the relationship between soil water storage and deep percolation was more close. In the process of continuous rainfall, because deep percolation had hysteresis and delayed response to rainfall, in the deeper soil layer, percolation was usually the result of the accumulation of multiple rainfall processes, Taking soil water storage as an intermediate variable can better analyze the process of deep percolation. (3)The correlation coefficient between the water storage and the percolation on the next day was higher. At the same time, the deeper the soil layer was, the higher the correlation coefficient between deep percolation and soil water storage was. The linear fitting effect between the two were not that ideal.

Key words: precipitation, soil water storage, soil deep percolation, depth, mobile sand land

中图分类号:

S157

吴丽丽, 刘丹一, 杨文斌, 王涛, 李卫, 冯金超, 冯伟. 降雨量、土壤蓄水量对流动沙地土壤水分深层渗漏的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 210-218.

Wu Lili, Liu Danyi, Yang Wenbin, Wang Tao, Li Wei, Feng Jinchao, Feng Wei. Relationship between precipitation and soil water storage and soil deep percolation in mobile sand land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 210-218.

参考文献

[1] Yang W B,Tang J N,Liang H R,et al.Deep soil water infiltration and its dynamic variation in the shifting sandy land of typical deserts in China[J].Science China,Earth Sciences,2014,57(8):1816-1824.
[2] 吴丽丽,程一本,杨文斌,等.毛乌素沙地流动沙丘不同深度土壤渗漏特征[J].生态学报,2018(22):86-93.
[3] Finch J W.Estimating direct groundwater recharge using a simple water balance model-sensitivity to land surface parameters[J].Journal of Hydrology,1998,211:112-125.
[4] Cheng Y,Zhan H,Yang W,et al.Is annual recharge coefficient a valid concept in arid and semi-arid region?[J].Hydrology&Earth System Sciences,2017,21(10):1-29.
[5] 冯伟,杨文斌,唐进年,等.中国沙漠(地)深层渗漏水量及动态特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1362-1370.
[6] 刘冰,赵文智,常学向,等.黑河流域荒漠区土壤水分对降水脉动响应[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):716-722.
[7] 刘汗,雷廷武,赵军.土壤初始含水率和降雨强度对黏黄土入渗性能的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2009,7(2):1-6.
[8] 刘金涛,李晓鹏,陈喜,等.间歇降雨中土壤含水量分布及其对入渗的影响[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):96-100.
[9] 王全九,叶海燕,史晓南,等.土壤初始含水量对微咸水入渗特征影响[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):51-53.
[10] 冯伟,杨文斌,党宏忠,等.毛乌素沙地流动沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):400-406.
[11] 李卫,冯伟,杨文斌,等.流动沙丘水分深层入渗量与降雨的关系[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):779-786.
[12] 张国盛,王林和,董智,等.毛乌素沙地主要固沙灌(乔)木林地水分平衡研究[J].内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002(3):1-9.
[13] 杨文斌,党宏忠.土壤深层水量渗漏测试记录仪:CN 102331282 B[P].2014.
[14] 冯伟.毛乌素沙地东北缘水分动态及渗漏特征[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2015.
[15] 冯伟,杨文斌,李卫,等.毛乌素沙丘沙柳固定沙丘土壤水分对降雨的响应[J].水土保持学报,2014(5):95-99.
[16] Franzluebbers A J.Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2002,66(2):197-205.
[17] 常兆丰,汪杰,王耀琳,等.降水在沙丘中的运动特征研究:以甘肃民勤沙区为例[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(3):422-426.
[18] 常珂,齐登红.降水入渗补给地下水过程分析[J].湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报,2009(1):8-11.
[19] 刘新平,张铜会,赵哈林,等.流动沙丘降雨入渗和再分配过程[J].水利学报,2006,37(2):166-171.
[20] 刘元波,陈荷生,高前兆,等.沙地降雨入渗水分动态[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):143-150.
[21] 金世杰,费良军,傅渝亮.土壤水分再分布特性研究进展[J].排灌机械工程学报,2016,34(3):251-259.
[22] 姚冬梅,冯金超,冯伟,等.毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘水分深层渗漏量及动态特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):222-227.