中国东北主要生态系统气温变化趋势比较

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00111

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 全球变暖是当前人类社会面临的主要环境问题,对同一区域不同生态系统气温变化差异的认知,是服务于当地生态环境评价和经济建设规划的基础。以1961-2012年的气温数据为基础,用Mann-Kendall(M-K)秩次相关法对中国东北地区纬度相差极小的农业(海伦站)、森林(博克图站)、草甸草原(海拉尔站)、干草原(满洲里站)4类生态系统的气温变化进行了比较分析。结果表明:(1)1961-2012年东北地区主要生态系统年最高气温变化趋势最显著,其次是年平均气温,年最低气温变化趋势不显著。(2)不同生态系统年平均气温、年最高气温、年最低气温的变化趋势具有一致性,同一生态系统年平均气温、年最高气温和年最低气温的变化趋势存在差异。(3)从年平均气温来看,草甸草原生态系统变化趋势最显著,气温变化率最大(0.44℃/10a),发生气温突变的时间最早;从年最高气温来看,农业生态系统一直呈上升趋势,20世纪90年代后期上升趋势显著,气温突变点出现的时间最早。

关键词: 气温变化趋势, Mann-Kendall检验, 生态系统

Abstract: Global warming is a major environmental problem in recent social development of human being. And to best understanding variant aspect of the temperature risen in different ecosystems is also a foundation for serving the local ecology and environmental assessment and economic planning in regional scale. Then, this paper employed Rank Correlation Methods (Mann-Kendall test) to analyze temperature change trends comparatively among different ecosystems (Agricultural ecosystem/Forest ecosystem/Dry grassland ecosystem/Meadow steppe ecosystem) based on annual mean temperature data from 1961 to 2012 in the Northeast of China. Among them, the forest ecosystem reflects the features of mountain area; Dry grassland ecosystem reflects characteristics of the plateau in the Eurasian steppe eastern; Meadow steppe ecosystem reflects transition zone characteristics between the forest and steppe; Agricultural ecosystem reflects the characteristics of the northern of the Northeast plain. Effect of zonal latitude basic excluded, the temperature change is one of the important indexes of main ecosystem environment change in Northeast china in recent decades. Results showed that the change of annual highest temperature was the most significant; the second was annual mean temperature; the last was annual minimum temperature. It had a very good consistency in the temperature change trend among different ecosystems, while change trend of the 3 index was different in the same one. Annual mean temperature of meadow steppe ecosystem was the most significant; Rate of rise was the largest (0.44/10a) and abrupt point was the earliest. Annual highest temperature of agricultural ecosystem has been on the rise, especially the tendency was more significant in the 1990s, and abrupt point was the earliest.

Key words: air temperature change trends, Mann-Kendall test, ecosystems

中图分类号:

P423.7

吕德燕, 常学礼, 岳喜元, 黄海涛. 中国东北主要生态系统气温变化趋势比较[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(1): 12-19.

Lv Deyan, Chang Xueli, Yue Xiyuan, Huang Haitao. Comparative Analysis of Air Temperature Change Trends among Different Ecosystems in Recent Decades in Northeast China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(1): 12-19.

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