鄂尔多斯高原清代风灾

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据历史文献资料,利用数理统计等方法研究了鄂尔多斯高原清代的风灾。结果表明:鄂尔多斯高原清代发生风灾51次,平均每5.3 a发生1次。其中轻度风灾16次、中度风灾34次、大风灾1次,分别占风灾总数的31.3%、66.7%、2.0%。研究区清代风灾变化可分为3个阶段。第1阶段为1644-1783年,发生风灾24次,平均每5.8 a发生1次,为风灾频次居中的多发阶段。第2阶段为1784-1843年,发生风灾4次,平均每15 a发生1次,为风灾频次最少的低发阶段。第3阶段为1844-1911年,发生风灾23次,平均每3.0 a发生1次,为风灾频次最高的多发阶段。从清代早期到晚期,鄂尔多斯高原风灾频次呈上升趋势。鄂尔多斯高原清代有4次风灾爆发期,分别为公元1708-1710年、1851-1853年、1878-1884年和1908-1910年。在1878-1910年间有2次风灾爆发期,对应于中国东部和北半球的低温期。鄂尔多斯高原清代风灾有6 a左右的短周期和23 a左右的长周期,其中23 a的周期是第一主周期。该区风灾发生的主要原因是强冬季风的活动,在气候寒冷期或干旱期发生频率较高。

关键词: 清代, 风灾, 爆发期, 鄂尔多斯高原

Abstract:

According to compilation of historical data and analysis of mathematical statistics, wind disasters in the Ordos Plateau during Qing Dynasty were studied. The results showed that the wind disasters clearly recorded were 51 times, with average once every 5.3 years. The wind disasters happened 16, 34, and 1 times for mild, middle, and great levels, accounting for 31.3%, 66.7% and 2.0%, respectively. In regard to temporal distribution, trend of the wind disasters in the area during Qing Dynasty could be divided into three stages. The first stage (1644-1783) with high wind disasters frequency occurred 24 wind disasters, once every 5.8 a in average. The second stage (1784-1823) with low wind disasters frequency occurred 4 wind disasters, once every 15 a in average. The third stage (1824-1911) with the highest wind disasters frequency occurred 23 wind disasters, once every 3.0 a in average. During Qing Dynasty, frequency of the wind disasters was obviously upward over time. There occurred four outbreaks of wind disasters in the Ordos Plateau in Qing Dynasty, which appeared during 1708-1710,1851-1853,1878-1884 and 1908-1910. Overall, wind disasters occurred more frequently and seriously from 1864 to 1903, which turned out to be related to cold climate period in east China and the Northern Hemisphere. According to wavelet analysis, wind disasters in the Ordos Plateau during Qing Dynasty mainly had two periods of 6a and 23 a, and the first main period was about 23 a. Most of the wind disasters resulted from activities of strong winter monsoon.It seemed that a cold and dry climatic year was more suitable to the wind disasters than warm and wet years.

Key words: Qing Dynasty, wind disasters, outbreak stage, Ordos Plateau

中图分类号:

P467

罗小庆, 赵景波. 鄂尔多斯高原清代风灾[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(3): 787-791.

Luo Xiaoqing, Zhao Jingbo. Wind Disaster in the Ordos Plateau during Qing Dynasty[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(3): 787-791.

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