红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、珍珠(Salsola passerine)蒸腾耗水规律的尺度整合

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00071

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用LI-6400XT便携式光合仪和大型称重式蒸渗仪研究红砂（Reaumuria soongorica）、珍珠（Salsola passerina）灌丛在干旱和湿润条件下的蒸腾耗水特征，并探讨从叶片到灌丛尺度转换中，在非破损状态下植物叶面积的可靠测定方法。结果表明：用图像法获得非破损状态下植物叶面积是可行的，基于植物叶面积通过尺度转换得到灌丛尺度的蒸腾量与蒸渗仪测定的蒸腾量具有较高一致性（r=0.9752，P<0.01）。干旱条件下，红砂蒸腾速率的日变化呈单峰曲线，主要影响因素为气孔导度（P<0.01）；湿润条件下，红砂和珍珠蒸腾速率的日变化均呈单峰曲线，主要的影响因素为气孔导度、空气相对湿度、饱和蒸汽压亏缺和光合有效辐射（P<0.01）。珍珠水分利用效率和气孔限制值均高于红砂。此外，干旱条件下红砂的水分利用效率和气孔限制均高于湿润条件。通过尺度转换得到的灌丛尺度的蒸腾量和蒸渗仪测定的蒸腾量的结果均表明，红砂的蒸腾量始终大于珍珠，且随土壤湿润状况的改善而增大。红砂灌丛蒸腾量与蒸散量之比在干旱条件下（T/ET=21%）较湿润条件下高（约2%）。同时，红砂灌丛T/ET高于珍珠灌丛。因此，基于图像法获得的叶面积参数可用于从叶片（便携式光合仪法）到植株及灌丛水平（称重式蒸渗仪法）的植物蒸腾耗水尺度转换研究。

关键词: 红砂(Reaumuria soongorica), 珍珠(Salsola passerine), 蒸腾

Abstract: The transpiration (T) characteristics of Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerine under drought and wet conditions were studied by LI-6400XT portable photosynthesis system combined with large lysimeter. The reliable determination method of leaf area of plant during switching of transpiration from leaf scale to shrub scale under non-destructive state was discussed in the study. The results showed that:it is feasible to obtain the leaf area of plant by image method under the condition of ensuring the normal growth of them. The transpiration obtained by switching from leaf scale to shrub scale based on the leaf area was higher consistency with lysimeter measurement (r=0.9752,P<0.01). Under the drought condition, transpiration rate diurnal changes of R. soongorica was unimodal and the main influencing factor was stomatal conductance (P<0.01). Under the wet condition, transpiration rate diurnal changes of R. soongorica and S. passerine were all unimodal and the main influencing factors were stomatal conductance, relative humidity, vapor pressure deficit and Photosynthetic radiation (P<0.01). In addittion, the water use efficiency and stomatic limitation of S. passerine were higher than that of R. soongorica. Moreover, the water use efficiency and stomatic limitation of R. soongorica under the drought condition were higher than those under the wet condition. The amount of shrub level transpiration measured by scale conversion and by weighing lysimeter were all indicated that the transpiration of R. soongorica was always greater than that of S. passerine at the leaf or shrub scale, and increased with the improvement of soil wetness. Under the drought condition, the ratio of transpiration to evapotranspiration (T/ET=21%) of R. soongorica was higher about 2% than that under the wet condition. Therefore, the leaf area parameters obtained by the image method can be used to study the conversion of plant transpiration from leaf (portable photosynthesis method) to plant and shrub level (lysimeter method).

Key words: Reaumuria soongorica, Salsola passerine, transpiration

中图分类号:

Q945.79

金艳霞, 王新平, 张亚峰, 潘颜霞, 虎瑞, 徐浩杰, 石薇. 红砂(Reaumuria soongorica)、珍珠(Salsola passerine)蒸腾耗水规律的尺度整合[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(2): 286-293.

Jin Yanxia, Wang Xinping, Zhang Yafeng, Pan Yanxia, Hu Rui, Xu Haojie, Shi Wei. Transpiration of Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerine at Different Scales[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2018, 38(2): 286-293.

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