黄土高原子午岭林区油松林种子雨强度及时空动态特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00064

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过布设种子收集器（接种框），对黄土高原子午岭林区的油松密林、油松林缘和单株油松（孤立木）的种子雨强度、种子雨历时、种子散播的时空分布特征进行了分析研究。结果表明：（1）油松林内、林缘、孤立木输入地面的种子总量分别为85.5、191.5、178.0粒·m^-2，不同母树类型种子雨强度有明显差异；（2）油松种子降落从10月初开始，11月初结束，种子雨历时约32 d；种子雨在10 d左右达到峰值；（3）林内种子雨强度有较大的空间异质性，种子分布呈聚集分布格局（扩散系数C=33.618）；（4）种子雨过程中不同类型种子的消长趋势及所占比重不同，完整种子在种子雨初期占有优势，未成熟种子在种子雨后期急剧增加，而残缺种子在整个种子雨过程中占的比重变化不大，完整、未成熟和残缺种子累积总量与种子雨强度呈线性相关；（5）林缘和孤立木的种子雨集中在距母树1～3 m的冠幅范围内，这说明油松种子雨扩散以重力传播为主。

关键词: 时空动态, 种子雨强度, 油松林, 子午岭

Abstract: Studies were carried out on seed rainfall, duration of seed rainfall, spatial and temporal distribution of seed dispersal of the typical pinus tabulaeformis forest, pinus tabulaeformis forest margin and single pinus tabulaeformis seed tree of Ziwu Mountain forest area in Loess Plateau by laid seed collector (inoculation box). The results indicate that:(1) The total quantity of seed in pinus tabulaeformis forest, forest margin and single tree reached 85.5 seeds·m^-2, 191.5 seeds·m^-2 and 178.0 seeds·m^-2, and the seed rainfall of different seed tree types was significantly different. (2) The seed rain dispersed since the beginning of October, and over at the beginning of November. It lasted about 32 days, seed rain intensity reached peak after ten days. (3) The seed rain intensity in pinus tabulaeformis dense forest was very different from each other, seed distribution was clustered (diffusion coefficient C=33.618). (4) The tendency and proportions of the different seed types were different, the integrity seeds were dominant at the beginning of seed rain, the immature seeds increased rapidly in the latter, and the deformity seeds hardly increased or decreased in the whole process of seed rain,the linear relationship between cumulative fall amount of integrity seeds, immature seeds, deformity seeds and time of rain was evident. (5) Seed rain of forest edge and single tree landed mainly in the range of 1 to 3 m from seed tree. This indicated that the dispersal power of seed rain was gravity mainly.

Key words: spatio-temporal dynamics, seed rain intensity, Pinus tabulaeformis forest, Ziwu Mountain

中图分类号:

S330.3

陈智平, 张涛, 赵万奎, 张晓庆, 王辉. 黄土高原子午岭林区油松林种子雨强度及时空动态特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(3): 85-93.

Chen Zhiping, Zhang Tao, Zhao Wankui, Zhang Xiaoqing, Wang Hui. Seed rain intensity and spatio-temporal dynamic characteristics of Pinus tabulaeformis in Ziwu Mountain forest area of Loess Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(3): 85-93.

参考文献

[1] Harper J L.Population Biology of Plants[M].London,UK:Academic Press,1977.
[2] 周纪纶,郑师章,杨持.植物种群生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1992:50-57.
[3] Chambers J C,MacMahon J A.A day in the life of seed:movements and fates of seed and their implications for natural and managed systems[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1994,25:263-292.
[4] 王金陵等.大豆[M].哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1982.
[5] 邹春静,徐文铎,刘广田.沙地云杉种群种子雨的时空分布规律[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(3):16-19.
[6] 查同刚,孙向阳,王登芝,等.北京西山地区人工侧柏林种子雨的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2003,25(1):28-31.
[7] 钱多多,匡旭,王绪高,等.2006-2017年长白山阔叶红松林木本植物种子雨的时空动态[J].应用生态学报,2019,30(5):1487-1493.
[8] 杜彦君,马克平.浙江古田山自然保护区常绿阔叶林种子雨的时空变异[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(8):717-728.
[9] 龙丽红,王慧,马晓丽,等.古尔班通古特沙漠羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)种群种子雨特征[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):516-522.
[10] 邓自发,谢晓玲,王启基,等.高寒小嵩草草甸种子库和种子雨动态分析[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(1):7-10.
[11] 刘济明,钟章成.梵净山栲树群落的种子雨、种子库及更新[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(4):402-407.
[12] 马万里,荆涛,Kujansuu J,等.长白山地区胡桃楸种群的种子雨和种子库动态[J].北京林业大学学报,2001,23(3):70-72.
[13] Graber R E.Natural seed fall in white pine (Pinus strobes L.) stands of varying density[J].USDA Forest Service Research Note,1970,119:1-6.
[14] Shedon J C,Burrows F M.The dispersal effectiveness of the achenepappus units of selected compositae in stendy winds convection[J].New Phytololgy,1973,72:665-675.
[15] 沈泽昊,吕楠,赵俊.山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林种子雨的地形格局[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):1981-1987.
[16] 吴大荣.福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群种子雨研究[J].南京林业大学学报,1997,21(1):56-60.
[17] 王辉,任继周.子午岭油松林土壤种子库研究[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2004,39(1):1-5.
[18] 邹厚远,刘国彬,王晗生.子午岭林区北部近50年植被的变化发展[J].西北植物学报,2002,22(1):1-8.
[19] 邹春静,徐文铎.沙地云杉种群种子雨的时空分布规律[J].生态学杂志,1998,17(3):16-19.
[20] Marone L,Rossi B E,Horno M E.Timing and spatial patterning of seed dispersal and redistribution in a South American warm desert[J].Plant Ecology,1998,337:143-150.
[21] 张志权,束文圣,蓝崇钰,等.引入土壤种子库对铅锌尾矿废弃地植被恢复的作用[J].植物生态学报,2000,24(5):601-607.
[22] Venable D L,Brown J S.The population dynamic functions of seed dispersal[J].Vegetatio,1993,108:31-55.
[23] Schupp E W,Fuentes M.Spatial patterns of seed dispersal and the unification of plant population ecology[J].Ecoscience,1995,2:267-275.
[24] Greene D F,Johnson E A.Long-distance wind dispersal of tree seeds[J].Canadian Journal of Botany,1995,73:1063-1045.
[25] Medellin R A,Gaona O.Seed dispersal by bats and birds in forest and disturbed habitats of Chiapas,Mexico[J].Biotropic,1999,31:478-485.
[26] Nystrand O,Geranstrom A.Predation on Pinus sylvestris seeds and juvenile seedings in Swedish boreal forest in relation to stand disturbance by logging[J].Journal of Applied Ecology,2000,37:499-463
[27] Duncan R S,Chapman C A.Seed dispersal and potential forest succession in abandoned agriculture in tropical Africa[J].Ecological Applications,1999,9:998-1008.
[28] 韩有志,王政权.天然次生林中水曲柳种子库的空间格局与过程[J].植物生态学报,2002,26(2):170-176.
[29] 王刚,梁学功.沙坡头人工固沙区的种子库动态[J].植物学报,1995,37(3):231-237.
[30] Houle G.Spatiotemporal patterns in the components of regeneration of four sympatric tree species-Acerrubrum,A.saccharum,Betul alleghaniensis and Fagus grandifolia[J].Journal of Ecology,1994,82:39-53.
[31] Nathan R,Safriel U N,Noy-Meir J,et al.Spatiotemporal variation in seed dispersal and recruitment near and far from Pinus halepensis trees[J].Ecology,2000,81:2156-2169.