中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 29-40.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00028
池静姚1,2(), 潘磊磊3, SeMyung Kwon3, 张晓1,2, 李雨衡1,2, 杨晓晖1,2, 时忠杰1,2(
)
收稿日期:
2024-01-04
修回日期:
2024-02-08
出版日期:
2024-09-20
发布日期:
2024-10-15
通讯作者:
时忠杰
作者简介:
时忠杰(E-mail: shizj@caf.ac.cn)基金资助:
Jingyao Chi1,2(), Leilei Pan3, Kwon SeMyung3, Xiao Zhang1,2, Yuheng Li1,2, Xiaohui Yang1,2, Zhongjie Shi1,2(
)
Received:
2024-01-04
Revised:
2024-02-08
Online:
2024-09-20
Published:
2024-10-15
Contact:
Zhongjie Shi
摘要:
沙地樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica)天然林在中国呼伦贝尔沙地发挥着重要的生态服务功能,但林分结构和竞争作用对沙地樟子松树木生长的影响仍不明确。采用全样地调查法和树木年轮取样法,估算了9种林分结构多样性指数和46种竞争指数,利用相关分析、多元线性回归模型等方法分析林分结构多样性与竞争对沙地樟子松天然林树木生长的影响,确定竞争和林分结构多样性在决定树木生长中的作用。结果表明:(1) 树木大小比数、大小分异指数和Clark-Evans聚集指数显著影响着树木的生长;(2) 竞争也是影响树木生长的重要因素,树木生长随竞争强度的增加而降低;(3) 竞争、林分结构指数(大小分异指数)和树木自身属性(高径比和冠幅)共同影响了沙地樟子松树木的生长。其中竞争的影响最大,解释了树木生长约三分之一的变异性。森林管理者应多重视林分结构多样性和竞争的作用,优化林分结构与密度,提高林分生产力。
中图分类号:
池静姚, 潘磊磊, SeMyung Kwon, 张晓, 李雨衡, 杨晓晖, 时忠杰. 呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松天然林结构多样性和竞争对树木生长的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2024, 44(5): 29-40.
Jingyao Chi, Leilei Pan, Kwon SeMyung, Xiao Zhang, Yuheng Li, Xiaohui Yang, Zhongjie Shi. Influence of stand structure diversity and competition on tree growth of natural Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest in Hulun Buir Sandy Land[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(5): 29-40.
纬度(N) | 经度(E) | 密度/(株·hm-2) | 林下植被盖度/% | 海拔/m | 坡度/(°) | 坡向 | 胸径/cm | 树高/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
49°04′46.30″ | 120°28′12.79″ | 2 440 | 40 | 680 | 10 | ES | 12.77±6.15 | 9.93±2.56 |
表1 试验样地基本概况
Table 1 Basic information of the sample plots
纬度(N) | 经度(E) | 密度/(株·hm-2) | 林下植被盖度/% | 海拔/m | 坡度/(°) | 坡向 | 胸径/cm | 树高/m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
49°04′46.30″ | 120°28′12.79″ | 2 440 | 40 | 680 | 10 | ES | 12.77±6.15 | 9.93±2.56 |
竞争指数 | 文献 | 竞争指数 | 文献 | 竞争指数 | 文献 |
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表2 单木竞争指数
Table 2 Individual tree competition index
竞争指数 | 文献 | 竞争指数 | 文献 | 竞争指数 | 文献 |
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名称 | 公式 | 意义 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
香农-威纳指数 | SW越大,树木大小差异越大 | [ | |
辛普森指数 | S数大,代表树木大小分化程度高 | [ | |
大小比数 | NCI越大,表示相邻木相比于目标木优势越大 | [ | |
大小分异指数 | DFI越大,代表树木大小差异越大 | [ | |
基尼系数 | GC越大,代表树木大小分布越不平衡 | [ | |
变异系数 | CV越小,代表林木大小差异越小 | [ | |
偏度 | SK越大,代表树木大小分布偏态程度越高 | [ | |
峰度 | Kg越大,树木胸径最大值越大,分布越陡峭 | [ | |
Clark-Evans指数 | 判断林木种群空间分布格局(聚集、随机、均匀)的指数 | [ |
表3 林分结构多样性指数
Table 3 Stand structure diversity indices
名称 | 公式 | 意义 | 文献 |
---|---|---|---|
香农-威纳指数 | SW越大,树木大小差异越大 | [ | |
辛普森指数 | S数大,代表树木大小分化程度高 | [ | |
大小比数 | NCI越大,表示相邻木相比于目标木优势越大 | [ | |
大小分异指数 | DFI越大,代表树木大小差异越大 | [ | |
基尼系数 | GC越大,代表树木大小分布越不平衡 | [ | |
变异系数 | CV越小,代表林木大小差异越小 | [ | |
偏度 | SK越大,代表树木大小分布偏态程度越高 | [ | |
峰度 | Kg越大,树木胸径最大值越大,分布越陡峭 | [ | |
Clark-Evans指数 | 判断林木种群空间分布格局(聚集、随机、均匀)的指数 | [ |
图2 标准化的林分结构多样性指数和竞争指数箱线图注:SW为香农-威纳指数,S为辛普森指数,NCI为大小比数,DFI为大小分异指数,GC为基尼系数,CV为变异系数,SK为偏度,Kg为峰度,CE为林木聚集指数,CI1~CI28为基于距离的竞争指数,CI29~CI46为与距离无关的竞争指数
Fig.2 Boxplot of standardized indices in stand structure and competition characteristic
指标 | 香农-威纳 指数SW | 辛普森 指数S | 大小比数NCI | 大小分异 指数DFI | 基尼系数 GC | 变异系数 CV | 偏度 SK | 峰度 Kg | Clark-Evans 指数CE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胸高断面积生长量BAI | 0.012 | 0.026 | -0.812** | -0.606** | -0.002 | -0.000 | -0.006 | -0.021 | -0.15* |
表4 林分结构多样性指数与胸高断面积生长量的相关系数
Table 4 Correlation coefficient between stand structure and basal area growth at tree breast height
指标 | 香农-威纳 指数SW | 辛普森 指数S | 大小比数NCI | 大小分异 指数DFI | 基尼系数 GC | 变异系数 CV | 偏度 SK | 峰度 Kg | Clark-Evans 指数CE |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
胸高断面积生长量BAI | 0.012 | 0.026 | -0.812** | -0.606** | -0.002 | -0.000 | -0.006 | -0.021 | -0.15* |
图4 基于多元回归模型的林分结构、竞争和树木自身特性对胸高断面积生长量的影响
Fig.4 Stand structure and competition influence on basal area at breast height independently based on multiple regression ananysis
图5 单木竞争、林分结构、树木本身特性对樟子松胸高断面积生长量的相对重要性注:用UpSet图展示变差分解和层次分割分析的结果。右侧下方的点阵图中,每行对应因子的不同指标,每列单独的黑点代表该指标的边际效应,多点间连线表明这些因子间的共同效应。各组分解释的变差百分比(来自变差分解)展示在上方柱形图中,左侧柱形图为因子不同指标的单独效应(来自层次分割),其值等同于该环境因子的边际效应加上与其他环境因子的共同效应的平均分配值。CI为竞争指数,HD为高径比,DFI为大小分异指数,CR为冠幅。*P<0.05; **P<0.01。
Fig.5 Upset plot with the variation partitioning and hierarchical partitioning result show the relative importance of factors influence on basal area growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, including individual tree competition indices, stand structure and trees' own property.
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