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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 249-257.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00145

• • 上一篇    

青藏高原苏干湖盆地光伏电站对戈壁风沙环境的影响

牛清河1(), 苏春丽2(), 肖建华1, 王博3, 夏磊2, 张晴1,4, 刘璐璐1,4   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室/敦煌戈壁荒漠研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司,上海 200063
    3.中国电力工程顾问集团有限公司,北京 100001
    4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-12 修回日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2025-11-20 发布日期:2025-11-26
  • 通讯作者: 苏春丽
  • 作者简介:牛清河(1984—),男,甘肃会宁人,副研究员,主要从事风沙地貌、风沙工程和光伏生态研究。E-mail: niuqh@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中电工程研发经费支持项目(DG2-P01-2022);甘肃省重点研发项目(25YFFA007);甘肃省科技重大专项计划项目(23ZDFA018)

Impact of photovoltaic power stations on the aeolian sand environment of gobi in the Sugan Lake BasinQinghai-Xizang Plateau

Qinghe Niu1(), Chunli Su2(), Jianhua Xiao1, Bo Wang3, Lei Xia2, Qing Zhang1,4, Lulu Liu1,4   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands / Dunhuang Gobi Desert Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.East China Electric Power Design Institute Co. ,Ltd. ,China Power Engineering Consulting Group,Shanghai 200063,China
    3.China Power Engineering Consulting Group Co. ,Ltd,Beijing 100001,China
    4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-08-12 Revised:2025-09-18 Online:2025-11-20 Published:2025-11-26
  • Contact: Chunli Su

摘要:

以位于青藏高原苏干湖盆地中部四十里戈壁区的某新建光伏电站为研究区,通过在光伏电站内外架设自动气象站和八方位集沙仪实施同步对比风沙观测,分析研究光伏电站对风沙环境的影响。结果表明:光伏电站对风沙动力条件具有很强的削弱和明显的导向作用,平均风速、起沙风频率、最大可能输沙量都明显下降,三者的削减率分别为48.50%、57.69%、84.01%,整体风向、起沙风向和合成输沙方向均趋向于光伏组件长轴走向;受新建电站施工扰动影响,电站内沙源增加和风沙输移障碍因素改变,电站内实测输沙量增加明显,是电站外的9.61倍。因此,戈壁光伏电站建设中应更加注重水土保持措施,建设后需及时恢复原始地表,同时设置必要的固沙措施,降低电站内风沙输移,避免形成新的区域风沙释放源。戈壁光伏电站风沙环境的评估应更加注重输沙量的实测评估,仅依据气象数据的理论评估可能与实际情况相差甚远。

关键词: 青藏高原, 苏干湖盆地, 光伏电站, 风沙动力, 戈壁

Abstract:

Based on the study of a newly constructed photovoltaic power station(PPS) located in the middle of the Sugan Lake Basin on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau as the study area, this paper analyzed the impact of the PPS on the aeolian sand environment by synchronously installing automatic meteorological stations and eight-directional sand traps inside and outside the PPS for comparative aeolian sand observations. The results show that the PPS significantly weakens wind-sand dynamics and exerts a distinct directional effect. The average wind speed, sand-lifting wind frequency, and maximum possible sand transport rate have all significantly decreased, with reduction rates of 48.50%, 57.69%, and 84.01%, respectively. The overall wind direction, sand-drifting wind direction, and synthetic sand transport direction have all tended toward the longitudinal axis of the photovoltaic panels. However, construction disturbance led to increased sand sources within the PPS and altered obstacles for sand transport, resulting in a measured sand transport rate inside the PPS 9.61 times higher than outside. Therefore, soil-water conservation measures should be prioritized during gobi PPS construction, with original ground surfaces restored promptly post-construction. Necessary sand-fixing measures must be implemented to reduce internal sand transport and avoid creating new regional sand sources. Assessments of wind-sand environments for gobi PPS should emphasize field-measured sand transport data, as theoretical evaluations relying solely on meteorological data may substantially deviate from actual conditions.

Key words: Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Sugan Lake Basin, photovoltaic power station, wind-sand dynamics, gobi desert

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