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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 165-173.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00009

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长江源区高寒草甸生长季载畜量对模拟增温的响应

李成阳1(), 黄樱宜1, 林千策1, 沈琳丽1, 罗诗影1, 梁志辉1, 李臻明1, 彭飞2, 薛娴2   

  1. 1.岭南师范学院 地理科学学院,广东 湛江 524048
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 干旱区生态安全与可持续发展重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-24 修回日期:2024-01-05 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-08-29
  • 作者简介:李成阳(1992—),男,江西兴国人,博士,讲师,主要从事草地退化过程和机理研究。E-mail: lichengyang@lzb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42301345);岭南师范学院人才专项(ZL22031)

Response of livestock carrying capacity of alpine meadows in the source area of the Yangtze River to simulated warming during the growth season

Chengyang Li1(), Yingyi Huang1, Qiance Lin1, Linli Shen1, Shiying Luo1, Zhihui Liang1, Zhenming Li1, Fei Peng2, Xian Xue2   

  1. 1.Department of Geography,Lingnan Normal University,Zhanjiang 524048,Guangdong,China
    2.Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2023-11-24 Revised:2024-01-05 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-08-29

摘要:

青藏高原高寒草甸是中国重要畜牧业基地,也是气候变化敏感区和生态脆弱带。为探究气候变暖对长江源区高寒草甸生长季载畜量的影响,以长江源区北麓河流域典型高寒草甸为研究对象,开展了模拟增温试验。测定了高寒草甸植物地上生物量和牧草品质,确定了高寒草甸的数量载畜量和营养载畜量,以期为制定合理的高寒草甸载畜量提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)增温(150 W·m-2)增加了高寒草甸5、30 cm深土壤年均温度,降低了0~10 cm土层的年均含水量,但增加了20~40 cm土层的水分。(2)增温使2017、2018年的6月(生长季前期)群落地上生物量分别显著增加了78.55、79.74 g·m-2,但对生长季后期(2017、2018年的9月)无显著影响;杂类草和禾本科植物占群落地上生物量的比重增加,但莎草科植物比重降低。(3)增温使群落和杂类草植物中的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量降低,牧草品质下降。(4)增温处理下每公顷数量载畜量、可消化蛋白载畜量、代谢能载畜量在2017年6月分别增加了2.37±0.22、6.72±0.41、3.89±0.32羊单位,在2018年6月分别增加了2.41±0.30、6.29±0.25、3.95±0.17羊单位;但生长季后期无显著变化。根据研究区实际,在气温上升背景下,长江源区高寒草甸生长季前期以数量载畜量安排放牧为宜,生长季后期应以代谢能载畜量安排放牧为宜。

关键词: 青藏高原, 气候变暖, 牧草品质, 生物量, 载畜量

Abstract:

In recent decades, global warming has become an undeniable fact. The alpine meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are one of the main animal husbandry bases in China, as well as climate change sensitive areas and ecologically fragile zones. To investigate the impact of climate warming on the livestock carrying capacity of alpine meadows in the source area of the Yangtze River during the growing season, a simulated warming experiment was conducted on a typical alpine meadow in the Beilu River Basin of the source area of the Yangtze River. We measured the aboveground biomass and forage quality of alpine meadows during warming and non-warming scenarios, respectively, and determined their quantity and nutrient carrying capacity of alpine meadows, as to provide scientific basis for formulating reasonable alpine meadows carrying capacity. The result showed: (1) The increase of temperature (150 W·m-2) increased the annual average soil temperature at depths of 5 and 30 cm in alpine meadows, and decreased the annual average soil moisture at depths of 0-10 cm, but increased the annual average soil moisture at depths of 20-40 cm. (2) Warming significantly increased the community aboveground biomass by 78.55 g·m-2 and 79.74 g·m-2 in the early growth season (June 2017 and 2018), but had no significant effect on the later growth season (September 2017 and 2018); warming increased the proportion of aboveground biomass of forbs and grasses in the community, but decreased the proportion of sedge plants. (3) Warming reduces the crude protein and fat content in communities and forbs, resulting in a decrease in forage quality. (4) Under warming treatment, the quantity carrying capacity, digestible protein carrying capacity, and metabolic energy carrying capacity increased by 2.37±0.22, 6.72±0.41, and 3.89±0.32 sheep units per hectare in June 2017, and 2.41±0.30, 6.29±0.25, and 3.95±0.17 sheep units per hectare in June 2018, respectively; However, there was no significant change in the later growth season. According to the actual situation in the research area, under the background of warming, it is advisable to arrange grazing based on the quantity carrying capacity in the early growth season of the alpine meadow in the source area of the Yangtze River, and to arrange grazing based on the metabolic energy carrying capacity in the later growth season.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, climate warming, forage quality, biomass, livestock carrying capacity

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