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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 184-198.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00331

• • 上一篇    

荒漠绿洲过渡带人工梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)林下草本植物演替特征

王国华1,2(), 张晓颖1, 王佳琪1, 申长盛1   

  1. 1.山西师范大学 地理科学学院,山西 太原 030000
    2.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 临泽内陆河流域研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-23 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 作者简介:王国华(1984—),男,山西大同人,教授,主要研究方向为干旱区风沙治理。E-mail: gimi123@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42171033);山西省基础研究计划面上项目(202503021211199);山西省基础研究计划面上项目(202503021211203)

Succession of the herbaceous layer in Haloxylon ammodendron woodland in a desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor

Guohua Wang1,2(), Xiaoying Zhang1, Jiaqi Wang1, Changsheng Shen1   

  1. 1.College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Taiyuan 030000,China
    2.Linze Inland River Basin Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
  • Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-03-09

摘要:

林下草本层作为荒漠绿洲过渡带人工固沙生态系统中的重要组成部分,在维持生态稳定以及调节能量与物质循环等方面发挥着重要作用。本研究以河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带不同林龄(流动沙丘0、5、10、20、30、40 a)梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)人工林下草本植物为研究对象,通过测定不同林龄0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤质地、水分、盐分(盐离子和电导率)、养分(有机质、全氮、全磷)等理化性质以及林下草本植物的物种数、密度和生物量,系统分析梭梭林下草本植物群落的演变规律和发生机制。结果表明:(1) 随着梭梭人工林林龄的增加,0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤电导率及各种养分含量总体呈显著升高趋势;pH值始终维持在7.78~8.86;而0~10 cm土壤水分随林龄的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,在30 a时达到最大值。(2) 林下草本植物群落优势种随林龄增加发生演变,优势种由流动沙丘(0 a)沙蓬(Agriophyllum squarrosum)向早期(5~10 a)雾冰藜(Bassia dasyphylla)沙蓬转变,而中期(20~30 a)又由雾冰藜向后期(40 a)白茎盐生草(Halogeton arachnoideus)演变;早期和中期优势种表现出较强的耐旱性(沙蓬对土壤含水量的生态阈值区间为0.437%~1.245%,雾冰藜的生态阈值为0.153%~1.560%),而后期优势种具有较强的耐盐性(白茎盐生草对土壤电导率的生态阈值区间为53.003~179.131 μS·cm-1)。(3) 林下草本植物物种多样性呈先升后降规律,Margalef、Shannon-Wiener、Simpson和Pielou指数均在30 a达到最大值,土壤含水量和电导率是多样性变化的关键因子。

关键词: 河西走廊荒漠绿洲过渡带, 一年生草本层, 优势种, 物种多样性, 土壤水盐生态阈值

Abstract:

The Herbaceous layer in artificial forest ecosystems plays a crucial role in maintaining ecological stability and regulating energy and matter cycling in the desert-oasis ecotone. In this study, we investigated succession of herbaceous plant communities and changes in physicochemical properties of soils at depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm under artificial Haloxylon ammodendron forests of different ages (0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 years) in the desert-oasis ecotone of the Hexi Corridor. The results showed that: (1) With increasing forest age, soil electrical conductivity and nutrient contents (organic matter, total nitrogen and total phosphorus) significantly increased in both soil layers, while soil pH remained alkaline (7.78-8.86). Soil moisture content in the 0-10 cm layer first increased and then decreased with increasing forest age, reaching its maximum at 30 years. (2) The dominant herbaceous species shifted from Agriophyllum squarrosum on mobile dunes (0 years) to Bassia dasyphylla and A. squarrosum in the early stage (5-10 years), and to B. dasyphylla in the mid-stage (20-30 years) and Halogeton arachnoideus in the late stage (40 years). The dominant species in early- and mid-successional stages had strong drought tolerance, with soil-moisture ecological thresholds of 0.437%-1.245% for A. squarrosum and 0.153%-1.560% for B. dasyphylla, whereas the late-successional dominant H. arachnoideus displayed high salt tolerance, with an electrical conductivity threshold of 53.003-179.131 μS·cm-1. (3) The diversity of herbaceous layer followed an “initial increase followed by decline” pattern, with Margalef, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, and Pielou reached to the highest level at 30 years. Soil moisture content and electrical conductivity were key factors influencing the successional processes. These findings provide important reference for the restoration and sustainable development of herbaceous layer under desert artificial forests with annual precipitation around 100 mm.

Key words: desert-oasis ecotone of Hexi Corridor, annual herbaceous layer, dominant species, species diversity, soil water-salt ecological threshold

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