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中国沙漠 ›› 2025, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 357-368.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00053

• • 上一篇    

甘肃敦煌西湖荒漠-湿地草本植物多样性与地下水埋深的关系

陈冠光1(), 苗杨慧子1, 李强1, 周永芳1, 王海2   

  1. 1.山西农业大学 林学院,山西 太谷 030801
    2.甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区管护中心,甘肃 敦煌 736200
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 修回日期:2025-04-30 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-06-30
  • 作者简介:陈冠光(1992—),男,山西岚县人,博士,讲师,研究方向为群落生态。E-mail: chengg@sxau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2023L046);山西农业大学博士科研启动项目(2021BQ106);山西农业大学横向科技项目(2023HX217)

Relationship between herbaceous plant diversity and groundwater depth in the desert-wetland of West Lake in DunhuangGansuChina

Guanguang Chen1(), Yanghuizi Miao1, Qiang Li1, Yongfang Zhou1, Hai Wang2   

  1. 1.College of Forestry,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,Shanxi,China
    2.Management and Protection Center of Dunhuang West Lake National Nature Reserve,Dunhuang 736200,Gansu,China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Revised:2025-04-30 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-06-30

摘要:

地下水埋深(GD)是调控荒漠-湿地生态系统的重要水文因子。本研究以甘肃敦煌西湖国家级自然保护区为对象,探讨GD对土壤理化性质空间异质性、物种多样性及土壤水分-物种多样性权衡关系的驱动效应。结果表明,随着GD从1.07 m增加至5.42 m,土壤总碳(STC)、总氮(STN)和含水量(SMC)显著下降(P<0.001),总溶解盐(TDS)和土壤碳氮比(STC/STN)上升,土壤理化性质呈现显著梯度分异,物种丰富度(SP)和多样性(H)分别下降84.3%和78.6%,群落从芦苇(Phragmites australis)主导的中生草本演替为胀果甘草(Glycyrrhiza inflata)和骆驼刺(Alhagi camelorum)主导的耐旱种;冗余分析揭示GD(R²=0.4287)、SMC(R²=0.4916)和pH(R²=0.4716)通过水分-盐分梯度驱动群落格局分异,其中GD与胀果甘草显著正相关(R²=0.5370),而SMC和pH与矮藨草(Scirpus pumilus)、里海旋覆花(Inula caspica)等湿生种正相关。层次分割分析表明,环境因子对物种分布的总解释力达37.8%,GD(20.21%)、STC/STN(19.76%)和SMC(17.30%)为关键驱动因子(均P<0.001);GD在3 m左右为土壤水分与物种多样性权衡的临界阈值,低于此值二者呈协同关系,高于此值权衡加剧。研究表明,GD通过水分和盐分梯度驱动物种分布和土壤理化性质的空间变异,GD在3 m以内可维持草本群落的生态系统功能,该阈值可为荒漠-湿地生态修复提供关键水文基准。

关键词: 地下水埋深, 物种多样性, 土壤理化性质, 权衡, 荒漠-湿地生态系统

Abstract:

Groundwater depth (GD) is a critical hydrological factor regulating desert-wetland ecosystems. This study focused on the Dunhuang West Lake National Nature Reserve in Gansu Province, investigating the driving effects of GD on the spatial heterogeneity of soil physicochemical properties, species diversity, and the soil moisture-species diversity trade-off relationships. The results showed that as GD increased from 1.07 m to 5.42 m, soil total carbon (STC), total nitrogen (STN), and soil moisture content (SMC) decreased significantly (P<0.001), while total dissolved salts (TDS) and soil C/N ratio (STC/STN) increased, revealing significant gradient differentiation in soil properties. Species richness (SP) and diversity (H) declined by 84.3% and 78.6%, respectively, with vegetation succession shifting from Phragmites australis-dominated mesophytic herbs to drought-tolerant species dominated by Glycyrrhiza inflata and Alhagi camelorum.Redundancy analysis demonstrated that GD (R²=0.4287), SMC (R²=0.4916), and pH (R²=0.4716) drove community differentiation through moisture-salinity gradients. GD showed a significant positive correlation with Glycyrrhiza inflataR²=0.5370), while SMC and pH were positively associated with hygrophytes such as Scirpus pumilus and Inula caspica.Hierarchical partitioning analysis indicated that environmental factors collectively explained 37.8% of species distribution variance, with GD (20.21%), STC/STN (19.76%), and SMC (17.30%) as key drivers (all P<0.001). A critical GD threshold of 3 m was identified for the soil moisture-species diversity trade-off: synergistic relationships occurred below this threshold, while trade-offs intensified above it. This study reveals that GD drives spatial variations in species distribution and soil properties through moisture-salinity gradients, and maintaining GD within 3 m can preserve herbaceous community ecosystem functions. This threshold provides a crucial hydrological benchmark for desert-wetland ecological restoration.

Key words: groundwater depth, species diversity, soil physicochemical properties, trade-off, desert-wetland ecosystem

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