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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 11-21.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00075

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阿拉善高原东部戈壁区地表沉积物粒度特征

雷云竹1(), 王思琦1, 韩兰英1, 张思豆1, 胡光印1, 李超1, 董治宝1, 乌力吉德力格尔2, 张文慧1, 张正偲1()   

  1. 1.陕西师范大学 地理科学与旅游学院/钱学森沙产业陕西省高等学校重点实验室/榆林沙漠黄土过渡带生态与环境陕西省野外科学观测研究站,陕西 西安 710119
    2.乌拉特后旗林业和草原局,内蒙古 乌拉特后旗 015500
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14 修回日期:2025-05-15 出版日期:2026-05-20 发布日期:2026-06-11
  • 通讯作者: 张正偲
  • 作者简介:雷云竹(2002—),女,山西汾阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区资源与环境。E-mail: leiyunzhu020909@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2024JBGS0003-1-1);陕西省2021年自然科学基础研究计划(定向委托)项目(2021JCW-17);科技部科技基础资源调查专项(2022FY202304);中央高校基本业务经费项目(GK202306002);中央高校基本业务经费项目(GK202309006);中央高校基本业务经费项目(GK202502004);中央高校基本业务经费项目(GK202301003)

Grain size characteristics of surface sediments in the gobi area of the eastern Alxa Plateau

Yunzhu Lei1(), Siqi Wang1, Lanying Han1, Sidou Zhang1, Guangyin Hu1, Chao Li1, Zhibao Dong1, Deligeer Wuliji2, Wenhui Zhang1, Zhengcai Zhang1()   

  1. 1.School of Geography and Tourism / Key Laboratory of Qian Xuesen Deserticulture of Shaanxi Higher Education Institute / Yulin Desert-Loess Transition Zone Ecology and Environment Shaanxi Provincial Field Scientific Observation Station,Shanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China
    2.Urad Rear Banner Forestry and Grassland Bureau,Urad Rear Banner 015000,Inner Mongolia,China
  • Received:2025-03-14 Revised:2025-05-15 Online:2026-05-20 Published:2026-06-11
  • Contact: Zhengcai Zhang

摘要:

风沙灾害的形成是风与沙物质互馈的结果。阿拉善高原是中国沙尘暴核心源区,内蒙古乌拉特后旗作为其东部关键过渡带,风沙灾害频发但灾害成因不明。收集了该地区的沙丘、戈壁、干涸河床等7种不同地表类型样品,通过粒度分析并结合风况数据,探讨沉积物粒度特征的分异规律及其对沙尘释放的影响特征,为科学治理风沙灾害提供依据。结果表明:(1)地表沉积物粒度以细沙(13.94%±4.86%~53.04%±6.76%)和中沙(17.62%±5.22%~43.06%±7.51%)为主,具有形成沙尘暴的物质基础。(2)2014—2023年平均风速为4.18±0.13 m∙s-1,输沙势为353.72±63.24 VU,属于中等风能环境,具有形成沙尘暴的动力条件。(3)河湖冲积物地表是该地区的主要沙尘释放地表类型。戈壁砾石覆盖层被破坏后,细颗粒裸露也会成为次生沙源。结合研究区的地形、风况条件和地表沉积物特征,研究认为干涸河床等富含粉沙和黏土的地区为优先治理区,同时需加强戈壁原始地表的保护。

关键词: 地表沉积物, 风况, 粒度, 阿拉善高原, 乌拉特后旗

Abstract:

Aeolian disasters result from the interaction between wind dynamics and exposed sand sources. The Alxa Plateau is a major source region for sandstorms in China, and the Urad Rear Banner in Inner Mongolia functions as a critical transitional zone where sandstorms occur frequently, yet the mechanisms driving these events remain insufficiently understood. To address this gap, this study conducted a systematic investigation of surface sediments across seven different surface types, including dunes, gobi surfaces, and dry riverbeds. Combining grain size analysis with wind regime characterization, this study aims to reveal the spatial variability of sediment grain size characteristics and their implications for dust emission. The findings can support targeted mitigation strategies. The results reveal that: (1) Surface sediments in the Urad Rear Banner are dominated by fine sand (13.94%±4.86% to 53.04%±6.76%) and medium sand (17.62%±5.22% to 43.06%±7.51%), providing the material foundation for dust storm formation. (2) Over the past decade, the region’s average wind speed was 4.18±0.13 m·s⁻¹, with an annual sand transport potential of 353.72±63.24 VU, indicating it as a medium wind energy environment with sufficient dynamic force to generate dust storms. (3) Among the various surface types, dry riverbeds were identified as the primary sources of aeolian dust. Additionally, when the protective gravel armor of Gobi surfaces is disrupted, the exposure of underlying fine sediments significantly increases the potential for dust emission. Based on the integration of topographic features, wind conditions, and sediment characteristics, dry riverbeds and other silt and clay rich surfaces should be prioritized for dust control, while greater efforts are needed to preserve the natural integrity of Gobi surfaces.

Key words: surface sediment, wind condition, grain size, Alxa Plateau, Urad Rear Banner

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