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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 95-103.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00146

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西北干旱区爬坡沙丘顶部表层沉积物特征

赵华刚(), 王晓旭, 褚佳琦, 高雅婷, 袁文杰, 严平()   

  1. 北京师范大学 地理科学学部,北京 100875
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-17 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-04-13
  • 通讯作者: 严平
  • 作者简介:赵华刚(2001—),男,山东潍坊人,硕士研究生,主要从事干旱区地貌方面的研究。E-mail: zhhg@mail.bnu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(42371008);国家自然科学基金项目(41871010)

Characteristics of surface sediments at the tops of climbing dunes in northwestern arid region of China

Huagang Zhao(), Xiaoxu Wang, Jiaqi Chu, Yating Gao, Wenjie Yuan, Ping Yan()   

  1. Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2025-03-17 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
  • Contact: Ping Yan

摘要:

爬坡沙丘是独特而重要的风沙地貌,本研究以中国西北干旱区雅布赖山和麻扎塔格山的典型爬坡沙丘顶部为对象,通过分析表层沉积物的粒度特征、地球化学元素组成及化学风化指标,揭示其表层沉积物的空间分异规律及成因机制。结果表明:(1)两区域爬坡沙丘顶部表层沉积特征存在显著差异。雅布赖地区沙丘表层沉积物以中砂和细砂为主,呈现从迎风坡经坡顶到背风坡粒度先变粗再变细的分布模式;麻扎塔格地区沙丘表层沉积物则以极细砂为主,表现为从迎风坡经坡顶至背风坡先变细再变粗的分布模式。这种差异主要受控于局地地形对气流结构的改造作用。(2)爬坡沙丘顶部与山体的接触形态与局地气流结构密切相关。(3)雅布赖地区SiO2和Na2O相对富集,麻扎塔格地区CaO显著富集。微量元素的差异富集进一步证实两个区域的主体沙丘物源存在显著差异。化学风化指数表明两区域均处于低等风化阶段,Na/K与Rb/Sr等元素比值进一步指示了雅布赖地区存在更强的风化作用,可能反映了其沙源或搬运路径上更复杂的环境历史。

关键词: 爬坡沙丘, 粒度特征, 地球化学元素, 化学风化指标

Abstract:

Climbing dunes represent a unique and significant landform in aeolian geomorphology research. This study focused on the surface deposits at the tops of typical climbing dunes in the Yabrai Mountains and Mazar Tagh Mountains in China's Northwestern arid region. Through analysis of grain size characteristics, geochemical elemental composition, and chemical weathering indices, this research reveals the spatial differentiation patterns and formation mechanisms of surface sediments. Results indicate:(1) Surface sedimentary characteristics at the tops of climbing dunes in the two regions show significant differences. In the Yabrai region, surface sediments are dominated by medium and fine sand, exhibiting a distribution pattern that coarsens from the windward slope to the crest and then fines toward the leeward slope. In contrast, the Mazar Tagh region's surface sediments are primarily very fine sand, displaying a pattern that first fines and then coarsens from the windward slope through the crest to the leeward slope. These differences are mainly controlled by local topographic modifications to airflow structure. (2) The contact morphology between climbing dune tops and mountain bodies is closely related to local airflow structure. (3) Geochemical analysis shows relative enrichment of SiO2 and Na2O in the Yabrai region, while CaO is significantly enriched in the Mazar Tagh region. The differential enrichment of trace elements further confirms significant differences in sediment sources between the two regions. Chemical weathering indices indicate both regions are in a low weathering stage, with Na/K and Rb/Sr ratios suggesting stronger weathering processes in the Yabrai region, potentially reflecting a more complex environmental history in its sand source or transport pathway.

Key words: climbing dunes, grain size characteristics, geochemical elements, chemical weathering indices

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