中国沙漠 ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 120-129.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00058
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2022-04-06
修回日期:
2022-05-05
出版日期:
2022-07-20
发布日期:
2022-08-29
通讯作者:
张德国
作者简介:
张德国(E-mail: dgzhang@zju.edu.cn)基金资助:
Wubin Jiang(), Deguo Zhang(), Xiaoping Yang
Received:
2022-04-06
Revised:
2022-05-05
Online:
2022-07-20
Published:
2022-08-29
Contact:
Deguo Zhang
摘要:
以毛乌素沙地3种沙丘(新月形沙丘、抛物线形沙丘和反向沙丘)为研究对象,对其形态、表沙粒度特征和区域风况进行了量化分析,探讨了沙丘表沙物理运动过程及其形态对外界条件(风况和地表植被)变化的反馈,揭示了沙丘表沙粒度特征对不同沙丘形态的响应机制。结果表明:新月形沙丘表沙平均粒径由迎风坡底部向顶部逐渐变小,分选呈现逐渐变好趋势, 但粒径较小和分选较差的表沙样出现在沙丘迎风坡中部。随着地表植被覆盖度的增加,新月形沙丘逐渐向抛物线形沙丘转变,近地表输沙能力和沙丘上风向沙源的供应同样受到限制,致使抛物线形沙丘由迎风坡底部向顶部呈现表沙平均粒径变大,而分选逐渐变好的趋势。毛乌素沙地内季节性风况(春季盛行强劲西北风,夏季盛行较弱东南风)的变化不仅促进了反向沙丘的发育,并且重组了西北盛行风影响下的表沙粒度特征。在夏季反向风风蚀的作用下,沙丘落沙坡顶部出现反向堆积和脊线反向移动的现象,同时其顶部呈现平均粒径由小变大、分选逐渐变好的趋势。
中图分类号:
姜吴彬, 张德国, 杨小平. 沙丘形态及表沙粒度特征对风况和地表植被变化的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2022, 42(4): 120-129.
Wubin Jiang, Deguo Zhang, Xiaoping Yang. Response of dune morphology and grain-size characteristics to the change of wind regimes and vegetation cover[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(4): 120-129.
图4 表沙粒度参数(分选系数σ、平均粒径MZ、中沙和细沙含量、峰度Kg、偏度SK)随高度和坡度的变化
Fig.4 Variation of grain-size parameters (i.e., sorting σ, mean size MZ, the proportion of medium sand and fine sand, kurtosis Kg, skewness SK) with height and slope angle across three different types of dunes
图5 沙丘形态及其表沙粒度特征对风况和地表植被变化的响应示意图
Fig.5 Schematic diagrams for the response of dune forms and grain-size characteristics to the change of wind regimes and vegetation cover
1 | 朱震达,吴正,刘恕,等.中国沙漠概论[M].北京:科学出版社,1980. |
2 | Pye K, Tsoar H.Aeolian Sand and Sand Dunes[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer,2009. |
3 | Zhang D, Narteau C, Rozier O,et al.Morphology and dynamics of star dunes from numerical modelling[J].Nature Geoscience,2012,5(7):463-467. |
4 | 哈斯,王贵勇,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘格状沙丘表面气流及其地貌学意义[J].中国沙漠,2000,20(1):31-35. |
5 | Lucas A, Rodriguez S, Narteau C,et al.Growth mechanisms and dune orientation on Titan[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2014,41(17):6093-6100. |
6 | Cooke R U, Warren A, Goudie A S.Desert Geomorphology[M].Boca Raton,USA:CRC Press,1993. |
7 | Barchyn T E, Hugenholtz C H.A process-based hypothesis for the barchan-parabolic transformation and implications for dune activity modelling[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2012,37(13):1456-1462. |
8 | Rubin D M, Hunter D R.Why deposits of longitudinal dunes are rarely recognized in the geologic record[J].Sedimentology,1985,32:147-157. |
9 | Gao X, Narteau C, Gadal C.Migration of reversing dunes against the sand flow path as a singular expression of the speed-up effect[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface,2021,126(5):JF005913. |
10 | 张正偲,董治宝,管梦鸾.腾格里沙漠东南缘反向沙丘形态演化过程[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(4):709-715. |
11 | Lee D B, Ferdowsi B, Jerolmack D J.The imprint of vegetation on desert dune dynamics[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2019,46(21):12041-12048. |
12 | Reitz M D, Jerolmack D J, Ewing R C,et al.Barchan-parabolic dune pattern transition from vegetation stability threshold[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(19):GL044957. |
13 | Duran O, Herrmann H J.Vegetation against dune mobility[J].Physical Review Letters,2006,97(18):188001. |
14 | 马倩,武胜利,曾雅娟,等.艾比湖流域抛物线形沙丘形态特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):955-960. |
15 | Visher G S.Grain size distributions and depositional processes[J].Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1969,39(3):1074-1106. |
16 | Livingstone I, Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[M].Essex,UK: Addison Wesley Longman Limited,1996. |
17 | 刘倩倩,杨小平.毛乌素沙地和库布齐沙漠风成沙粒度参数的空间变化及其成因[J].中国沙漠,2020,40(5):158-168. |
18 | 哈斯,庄燕美,王蕾,等.毛乌素沙地南缘横向沙丘粒度分布及其对风向变化的响应[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(6):42-51. |
19 | Qian G Q, Dong Z B, Zhang Z C,et al.Morphological and sedimentary features of oblique zibars in the Kumtagh Desert of Northwestern China[J].Geomorphology,2015,228:714-722. |
20 | Lancaster N, Nickling W G, Neuman C M.Particle size and sorting characteristics of sand in transport on the stoss slope of a small reversing dune[J].Geomorphology,2002,43:233-242. |
21 | Xu Z W, Mason J A, Lu H Y.Vegetated dune morphodynamics during recent stabilization of the Mu Us dune field,north-central China[J].Geomorphology,2015,228:486-503. |
22 | Zhang D G, Liang P, Yang X P,et al.The control of wind strength on the barchan to parabolic dune transition[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2020,45(10):2300-2313. |
23 | 舒培仙,牛东风,李保生,等.毛乌素沙地现代沙丘沙的粒度特征及其意义[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):158-166. |
24 | Jia W R, Zhang C L, Li S Y,et al.Grain size distribution at four developmental stages of crescent dunes in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2016,8(5):722-733. |
25 | Zhang Z, Dong Z, Hu G,et al.Migration and morphology of asymmetric barchans in the central Hexi Corridor of Northwest China[J].Geosciences,2018,8(6):2076-3263. |
26 | Chen J, Zhang D, Yang X,et al.The effects of seasonal wind regimes on the evolution of reversing barchanoid dunes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2022,127(2):JF006489. |
27 | Zhang Z C, Dong Z B.Grain size characteristics in the Hexi Corridor Desert[J].Aeolian Research,2015,18:55-67. |
28 | Zhu B Q, Yu J J, Rioual P,et al.Particle size variation of aeolian dune deposits in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin,China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:54-69. |
29 | Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routaledge,1995. |
30 | Liu Q, Yang X.Geochemical composition and provenance of aeolian sands in the Ordos Deserts,northern China[J].Geomorphology,2018,318:354-374. |
31 | Stevens T, Carter A, Watson T P,et al.Genetic linkage between the Yellow River,the Mu Us desert and the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2013,78:355-368. |
32 | Yang X P, Li H W, Conacher A.Large-scale controls on the development of sand seas in northern China[J].Quaternary International,2012,250:74-83. |
33 | Narteau C, Zhang D, Rozier O,et al.Setting the length and time scales of a cellular automaton dune model from the analysis of superimposed bed forms[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface,2009,114(3):F001127. |
34 | Zhang D, Narteau C, Rozier O.Morphodynamics of barchan and transverse dunes using a cellular automaton model[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface,2010,115(3):F001620. |
35 | Bagnold R A.The transport of sand by wind[J].The Geographical Journal,1937,89(5):409-438. |
36 | Edwards A C.Grain size and sorting in modern beach sands[J].Journal of Coastal Research,2001,17(1):38-52. |
37 | Liang P, Chen B, Yang X P,et al.Revealing the dust transport processes of the 2021 mega dust storm event in northern China[J].Science Bulletin,2021,67(1):21-24. |
38 | Schulte P, Lehmkuhl F.The difference of two laser diffraction patterns as an indicator for post-depositional grain size reduction in loess-paleosol sequences[J].Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,2018,509:126-136. |
39 | Vandenberghe J, Sun Y, Wang X,et al.Grain-size characterization of reworked fine-grained aeolian deposits[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2018,177:43-52. |
40 | 雷国良,张虎才,张文翔,等.Mastersize 2000型激光粒度仪分析数据可靠性检验及意义:以洛川剖面S4层古土壤为例[J].沉积学报,2006,24(4):531-539. |
41 | Horiba.Camsizer X2 Particle Analyzer:particle size and particle shape analysis with dynamic image analysis[Z].Horiba Instruments Incorporated,2018. |
42 | Kurinskiy P, Kim J H, Nakamichi M.Fabrication and characterization of Be12V pebbles with different diameters[J].Fusion Engineering and Design,2019,146:656-659. |
43 | Masche M, Puig-Arnavat M, Wadenback J,et al.Wood pellet milling tests in a suspension-fired power plant[J].Fuel Processing Technology,2018,173:89-102. |
44 | Lillotte T D, Bebernik P, Wagner K G.A novel approach to determine the granule density of milled ribbons using multi-stage air classification combined with dynamic image analysis[J].Powder Technology,2021,381:685-697. |
45 | Folk R L, Ward W C.Brazos River bar [Texas]:a study in the significance of grain size parameters[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1957,27(1):3-26. |
46 | Nex F, Remondino F.UAV for 3D mapping applications:a review[J].Applied Geomatics,2014,6(1):1-15. |
47 | Kaneda H, Chiba T.Stereopaired morphometric protection index red relief image maps (Stereo MPI-RRIMs):effective visualization of high-resolution digital elevation models for interpreting and mapping small tectonic geomorphic features[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,2019,109(1):99-109. |
48 | Fryberger S G, Dean G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Washington,USA:US Government Printing Office,1979:137-169. |
49 | Abolkhair Y M S.The statistical analysis of the sand grain size distribution of Al-Ubay-lah barchan dunes,Northwestern Ar-Rub-Alkhali desert,Saudi Arabia[J].GeoJournal,1986,13(2):103-109. |
50 | 杨岩岩,刘连友,屈志强,等.新月形沙丘研究进展[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):76-83. |
51 | Lancaster N.The dynamics of star dunes:an example from the Gran Desierto,Mexico[J].Sedimentology,1989,36(2):273-289. |
52 | Vincent P J.Particle-size variation over a transverse dune in the Nafud as Sirr,Central Saudi-Arabia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1984,7(4):329-336. |
53 | Zhu B Q, Yu J J, Rioual P,et al.Particle size variation of aeolian dune deposits in the lower reaches of the Heihe River basin,China[J].Sedimentary Geology,2014,301:54-69. |
54 | 李超,董治宝,崔徐甲.腾格里沙漠东南缘不同发育阶段横向沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(1):129-135. |
55 | Kok J F, Renno N O.A comprehensive numerical model of steady state saltation (COMSALT)[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres,2009,114(D17):LD011702. |
56 | Wiggs G F S, Livingstone I, Warren A.The role of streamline curvature in sand dune dynamics:evidence from field and wind tunnel measurements[J].Geomorphology,1996,17:29-46. |
57 | Neuman C M, Lancaster N, Nickling W G.The effect of unsteady winds on sediment transport on the stoss slope of a transverse dune,Silver Peak,NV,USA [J].Sedimentology,2000,47(1):211-226. |
58 | 哈斯,王贵勇.沙坡头地区新月形沙丘粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(3):57-61. |
59 | Watson A.Grain-size variatios on a longitudinal-dune and a barchan dune[J].Sedimentary Geology,1986,46(1):49-66. |
60 | 王佩,马倩,朱元璞,等.新疆图开沙漠灌丛沙堆和抛物线形沙丘表层沉积物粒度特征及其沉积环境[J].干旱区地理,2021,44(6):1644-1653. |
61 | Liu B, Jin H L, Sun L Y,et al.Grain size and geochemical study of the surface deposits of the sand dunes in the Mu Us desert,northern China[J].Geological Journal,2017,52(6):1009-1019. |
62 | 吴霞,哈斯,杜会石,等.库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面粒度特征[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):937-944. |
63 | King J, Nickling W G, Gillies J A.Investigations of the law-of-the-wall over sparse roughness elements[J].Journal of Geophysical Research-Earth Surface,2008,113. |
64 | Yan Y C, Xu X L, Xin X P,et al.Effect of vegetation coverage on aeolian dust accumulation in a semiarid steppe of northern China[J].Catena,2011,87(3):351-356. |
65 | 钱广强,董治宝,罗万银,等.巴丹吉林沙漠地表沉积物粒度特征及区域差异[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1357-1364. |
66 | 潘凯佳,张正偲,梁爱民.反向沙丘近地层气流变化及其对沙丘形态的影响[J].中国沙漠,2021,41(2):1-8. |
[1] | 汪克奇, 赵晖, 王兴繁, 杨宏宇, 晁倩. 基于DEM数据的巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘分布规律及其形态参数[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(4): 81-94. |
[2] | 杨林, 董玉祥, 黄德全. 台风群后海岸爬坡沙丘形态变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(2): 1-8. |
[3] | 钱广强, 杨转玲, 董治宝, 田敏. 基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(1): 18-25. |
[4] | 杨林, 董玉祥, 黄德全, 黄尚武, 李家会. 台风“麦德姆”后海岸横向沙丘年内形态变化的观测[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(6): 1136-1143. |
[5] | 董玉祥, 黄德全, 张雪琴. 海岸爬坡沙丘形态对台风响应——以2014年“麦德姆”台风为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(4): 865-870. |
[6] | 马晓洁, 张春来, 张加琼, 王焕芝, 周 娜. 包兰铁路沙坡头段防护体系前沿栅栏沙丘形态与近地面流场[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3): 649-654. |
[7] | 刘 陶;杨小平;董巨峰;范兴燕;李鸿威;朱秉启. 巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(6): 1285-1291. |
[8] | 李恒鹏, 陈广庭, 李波. 新月形沙丘迎风坡气流加速模拟[J]. 中国沙漠, 2001, 21(1): 24-27. |
[9] | 李恒鹏, 陈广庭. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地复合沙垄间地新月形沙丘的逆向演变[J]. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(2): 134-138. |
[10] | 哈斯, 董光荣, 王贵勇. 腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 1999, 19(1): 1-5. |
[11] | 杨萍, 蒋紫蕊. 沙丘形态示量指征的测定方法及其应用——以巴丹吉林沙漠为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 1998, 18(4): 354-358. |
[12] | 哈斯. 腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘形态示量特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 1995, 15(2): 136-142. |
[13] | 卡罗·S·布里德, 杨有林. 荒漠风成地貌[J]. 中国沙漠, 1984, 4(4): 2-10. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||
©2018中国沙漠 编辑部
地址: 兰州市天水中路8号 (730000)
电话:0931-8267545
Email:caiedit@lzb.ac.cn;desert@lzb.ac.cn