台风“麦德姆”后海岸横向沙丘年内形态变化的观测

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2018.00008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于2014年第10号强台风“麦德姆”登陆前后一年内不同时间的福建平潭岛长江澳海岸横向沙丘形态高精度观测数据，分析了台风后典型海岸横向沙丘的年内形态变化过程及其特征。结果表明：（1）台风“麦德姆”造成海岸横向沙丘的体积减小、高度降低，其中体积减少了1.3%、丘顶高度最大降低1.43 m，且不同部位的变化程度亦非完全一致。（2）海岸横向沙丘形态在台风“麦德姆”后的一年内主要以体积增加、高度增大为特征，半年内海岸横向沙丘的体积与高度即已超过台风登陆前，丘顶高度最大月均升高0.39 m，沙丘迎风坡基本恢复到台风登陆前状态，背风坡以堆积为主且高度超过台风之前。（3）海岸横向沙丘的形态特征是由丰富的海滩沙源、强劲的常态向岸风、沙丘原形态及植被盖度等因素相互作用的结果，其中丰富的海滩沙源和强劲的常态向岸风是决定性因素，台风对海岸横向沙丘形态的影响应是暂时性的，较长时间尺度而言低频高能的台风对海岸横向沙丘形态的塑造作用相对有限。

关键词: 海岸横向沙丘, 台风“麦德姆”, 沙丘形态, 平潭岛

Abstract: Field investigations with using high-precision RTK GPS technology were conducted at Pingtan Island of Fujian Province before the tenth Typhoon Matmo landed in 2014 and after almost a year. We analyzed morphological change of coastal transverse dune after typhoon Matmo. The results indicated that:(1) The basic morphological impacts of the typhoon Matmo on coastal transverse dune were comprised of reductions in volume and height. Dune volume decreased by 1.30%, and the maximum height of the slope crest was reduced by 1.43 m. However, the magnitude of morphological response was different in different sites over transverse dune.(2) The basic morphological change of coastal transverse dune after typhoon was comprised of increases in volume and height. Not last more than six months, volume and dune height can beyond the pre-typhoon volume and height in profile. The slope crest was monthly averagely increases by 0.39 m. Transverse dune on the windward can side recovery to the same as before the typhoon state, while the heights of leeward slope were increased markedly.(3) Morphological change of coastal transverse dune is related to not only adequate supplies of beach sands, but also strong onshore winds, dune morphology, and vegetation density. Among them, adequate supplies of beach sands and strong onshore winds play a critical role for transverse dune. However, the effect of typhoon on the morphological evolution of coastal transverse dunes is temporary and relatively limited.

Key words: transverse dune, typhoon Matmo, dune morphology, Pingtan Island

中图分类号:

P931.3

杨林, 董玉祥, 黄德全, 黄尚武, 李家会. 台风“麦德姆”后海岸横向沙丘年内形态变化的观测[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018, 38(6): 1136-1143.

Yang Lin, Dong Yuxiang, Huang Dequan, Huang Shangwu, Li Jiahui. Morphological Change of Coastal Transverse Dune in Pingtan Island of China after Typhoon Matmo[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2018, 38(6): 1136-1143.

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