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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 296-307.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00287

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河北坝上地区干涸湖盆盐尘性质

苑依笑(), 王仁德(), 蒋红军, 高士平, 李庆, 张韬   

  1. 河北省科学院 地理科学研究所/河北省地理信息开发应用工程技术研究中心,河北 石家庄 050011
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-21 修回日期:2025-12-02 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 王仁德
  • 作者简介:苑依笑(1994—),女,河北邢台人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事土壤风蚀与粉尘释放等研究。E-mail:yuanyixiao1994@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省科学院科技计划项目(25B101);国家自然科学基金项目(42077069)

Properties of salt dust in dry lake-basin in the Bashang region of Hebei Province

Yixiao Yuan(), Rende Wang(), Hongjun Jiang, Shiping Gao, Qing Li, Tao Zhang   

  1. Institute of Geographical Sciences / Engineering and Technology Research Center for Application and Development of Geographic Information of Hebei Province,Hebei Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050011,China
  • Received:2025-10-21 Revised:2025-12-02 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
  • Contact: Rende Wang

摘要:

受气候变化和不合理人类活动共同影响,坝上地区众多湖淖持续萎缩并趋于干涸。在风力搬运作用下,干涸湖盆地表松散富盐沉积物脱离地表进入气流、形成盐尘,严重情况下形成盐尘暴,对京津冀乃至华北地区大气环境与生态安全构成严重威胁。认识干涸湖盆盐尘理化性质是追溯盐尘物质来源、探究盐尘搬运机制及评估盐尘风险的关键。本研究于2023、2024年春季收集坝上地区5个典型干涸湖盆的盐尘风积物,测定了盐尘粒度与盐分组成,探究了坝上地区干涸湖盆盐尘的物质来源及搬运机制,揭示了盐尘污染的严重性。结果表明:坝上地区干涸湖盆盐尘与源区表土具有密切物源关系,盐尘中细颗粒物质能够随风力进行长距离传输,而较粗颗粒就近沉降。风对盐尘颗粒的分选和搬运作用导致干涸湖盆间盐尘粒度组成差异不明显。受湖盆干涸状况影响,季节性干涸湖盆盐尘的盐分含量较常年干涸湖盆更高。与普通沙尘相比,盐尘中盐分及可溶性盐离子含量更高,对环境潜在危害性更大。

关键词: 坝上地区, 干涸湖盆, 盐尘, 粒度, 盐分

Abstract:

Under the combined effects of climate change and irrational human activities, many lakes in the Bashang region of Hebei Province have experienced continuous shrinkage and a tendency towards desiccation. The loose and salt-rich sediments on the dry lake-basin surface were entrained into the air under strong wind erosion, ultimately forming salt-dust storms. These storms pose a severe threat to the atmospheric environment and ecological security of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and even the North China area. Understanding the salt dust physicochemical properties is critical for studying its emission mechanisms, tracing its sources, and assessing salt dust risks. We collected salt-dust deposit samples from five typical dry lake-basins during the spring of 2023 and 2024. Laboratory analyses were conducted to determine grain-size distribution and salinity composition. Based on these results, we investigated the material sources and transport mechanisms of the salt dust, thereby revealing the severity of salt-dust pollution. Results indicated that the salt dust had a close material relationship with the local surface soils, and the fine-grained material within the salt dust can undergo long-distance transport via wind, while the coarser particles tend to settle locally. Wind-driven sorting and transport led to insignificant differences in the particle size composition of salt dust among the dry lake-basins. The salt content was notably higher in seasonally dry lake-basins than perennial dry ones. Compared to ordinary sand dust, salt dust with finer average particle size and higher content of salt and soluble ions posed a greater potential hazard to the environment.

Key words: Bashang region, dry lake-basin, salt dust, particle size, salinity

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