Relationship of PM10 concentration in Mogao Grottoes to meteorological elements

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00089

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 54-64.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2021.00089

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Relationship of PM₁₀ concentration in Mogao Grottoes to meteorological elements

Xiaoju Yang¹^,²^,³(), Xueyong Zhao², Fasi Wu¹, Zhengmo Zhang¹, Ping Xue¹, Zhang Chen¹, Wanfu Wang¹, Guobin Zhang¹()

^1.National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites / Gansu Provincial Research Center for Conservation of Dunhang Cultural Heritage，Dunhuang Academy，Dunhuang 736200，Gansu，China
^2.Naiman Desertification Research Station / Urat Desert-Grassland Research Station，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^3.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China

Received:2021-03-30 Revised:2021-07-13 Online:2021-11-20 Published:2021-12-17
Contact: Guobin Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

The PM₁₀ concentration and meteorological data in the cave 16 and the cave area of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang in 2018 were used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of PM₁₀ and its influencing factors. The results show that：（1） PM₁₀ concentrations at the two monitoring points are mainly distributed below 50 μg·m^-3， which are less affected by heavy pollution weather. Seasonal changes from high to low are spring， winter， autumn， and summer. The PM₁₀ concentration in the cave area is higher than that in the cave in spring and winter， and vice versa in summer and autumn. （2） The concentration of PM₁₀ was the highest in March and the lowest in September. The monthly average value in the cave from May to September was higher than that in the cave area. The number of PM₁₀ pollution days is the most in May in the caves， while March and May are more in the cave areas. （3） The diurnal variation curve of PM₁₀ concentration showed a "double peak" type in spring and autumn， and a "single peak" type in summer and winter. （4） In a cave with a semi-enclosed environment， before and after a sandstorm， the time for the PM₁₀ concentration to reach the extreme value and to recover to the original level lags behind the cave area. （5） PM₁₀ concentration is negatively correlated with temperature， wind speed and precipitation in different seasons. Except for autumn， PM₁₀ concentration is positively correlated with relative humidity and air pressure. （6） The main wind direction in the cave area throughout the year is ESE. In winter and spring， PM₁₀ concentration is highest in this wind direction. PM₁₀ mainly comes from the Gobi Desert in front of Sanwei Mountain， the dry Daquan River channel and the exposed surface dust in front of the cave.

Key words: Mogao Grottoes, PM₁₀, variation characteristics, meteorological elements, cultural heritage protection

CLC Number:

P424.2

Xiaoju Yang, Xueyong Zhao, Fasi Wu, Zhengmo Zhang, Ping Xue, Zhang Chen, Wanfu Wang, Guobin Zhang. Relationship of PM₁₀ concentration in Mogao Grottoes to meteorological elements[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(6): 54-64.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Wind rose on the top of the cave

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of sampling points

Fig.3 Probability distribution of PM10 concentration in cave 16 （A） and outside the cave （B）

Fig.4 Seasonal variation of PM10 concentration in cave 16 （A） and outside the cave （B）

Fig.5 Monthly average concentration and the over-standard rate of PM10 in cave 16 （A） and outside the cave （B）

Fig.6 Percentage of air quality in cave 16 （A） and outside the cave （B）

Fig.7 Diurnal variation of PM10 concentration during the four seasons in cave 16 （A） and outside the cave （B）

Fig.8 Variation of PM10 mass concentration （A） and meteorological elements （B） during sandstorms

Table 1 Correlations coefficients between PM10 mass concentration and meteorological elements

时间	监测点	气温	相对湿度	气压	风速	降水
春季	窟内	-0.089	0.148	0.088	-0.152	-0.038
春季	窟区	-0.098	0.149	0.062	-0.113	-0.055
夏季	窟内	-0.206^*	0.159	0.159	-0.073	-0.004
夏季	窟区	-0.140	0.065	0.077	-0.053	-0.088
秋季	窟内	-0.045	-0.039	-0.045	-0.239^*	-0.037
秋季	窟区	-0.087	-0.020	-0.073	-0.207	-0.032
冬季	窟内	-0.270^*	0.283^**	0.037	-0.271^**	-0.039
冬季	窟区	-0.234^*	0.294^**	0.013	-0.257^*	-0.030
全年	窟内	-0.070	0.003	-0.078	-0.113^*	-0.032
全年	窟区	-0.118^*	0.006	-0.136^**	-0.065	-0.040

Fig.9 Linear relationship between PM10 concentration and meteorological elements

Fig.10 Distribution of PM10 mass concentration in different wind directions in spring， summer， autumn and winter

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Relationship of PM₁₀ concentration in Mogao Grottoes to meteorological elements

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