Estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica forest ecosystem along desert river banks based on groundwater level dynamics

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00063

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2022, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (6): 243-254.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00063

Estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica forest ecosystem along desert river banks based on groundwater level dynamics

Qi Zhang¹^,²(), Yonghong Su¹(), Qi Feng¹, Tengfei Yu¹, Xiaohong Ma³

^1.Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100049，China
^3.Research Center for Scientific Development in Fenhe River Valley，Taiyuan Normal University，Jinzhong 030619，Shanxi，China

Received:2021-12-27 Revised:2022-04-12 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2023-01-09
Contact: Yonghong Su

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the dynamic monitoring data of groundwater level in 2014 and 2020， the groundwater evapotranspiration （ET_g） of desert riparian Populus euphratica forest ecosystem in Qidaoqiao oasis in the lower reaches of Heihe River was estimated and compared with the evapotranspiration （ET） measured by eddy covariance data. The estimation results of different estimation models and their main influencing factors were analyzed. The results showed that：（1） The variation trend of ET_gestimated by the three algorithms （White， Hays and Soylu methods） were consistent with and significantly correlated with the ecosystem ET. Hays method had the highest accuracy， so this method was recommended to calculate ET_g. （2） Groundwater level， solar radiation， temperature and vapor pressure were the main factors affecting ET_g， but the wind speed has no significant effect on ET_g. （3） In the growing season， the proportion of ET_gto surface ET increases with the increase of drought time.

Key words: desert Populus euphratica forest, ecosystem evapotranspiration, diurnal water level fluctuation method, groundwater evapotranspiration

CLC Number:

P641

Qi Zhang, Yonghong Su, Qi Feng, Tengfei Yu, Xiaohong Ma. Estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica forest ecosystem along desert river banks based on groundwater level dynamics[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(6): 243-254.

Figures/Tables 16

Fig.1 Geographical location of the Heihe River Basin and the study area［17］

Table 1 Populus euphratica forest stand characteristics and soil texture

植被覆盖度 /%

植株密度

/（株·hm^-2）

树高

胸径

/cm

林龄

Fig.2 Contrast changes of groundwater depth and evapotranspiration in the Populus euphratica forests in Sidaoqiao and Qidaoqiao in 2014

Table 2 Eddy observation data and instruments

仪器	名称	观测及采集对象	采样间隔及频率
观测仪器	三维超声风速仪（CSAT3, Campbell Co, 美国）	风速	—
	开路式CO₂/H₂O分析仪（Li-7500A, LI-COR, 美国）	水汽和CO₂浓度
	四分净辐射仪（CNR4, Kipp & Zonen, 荷兰）	净辐射（R_n）
	相对温湿度传感器( HMP45C， Campbell，美国)	气温（T_a）、湿度（RH）
	土壤热通量板( HFP, Hukse Flux Thermal Sensors B.V. , Delft, 荷兰。埋设在地下5 cm处，水平间隔0.5 m）	土壤热通量（G）
数据采集仪器	CR3000数据采集器	通量观测数据、净辐射（R_n）、气温（T_a）、相对湿度（RH）	采样间隔：30 min 采样频率：10 Hz

Fig.3 Diagrams of White， Hays and Soylu methods

Fig.4 Daily dynamic changes of Populus euphratica forest groundwater depth in 2014 and 2020

Fig.5 ETg estimated based on White′s method in different time windows and ecosystem ET in 2014 and 2020

Table 3 Pearson correlation analysis of ecosystem ET with ETg estimated based on White′s method in different time windows in 2014 and 2020

年份	00:00—04:00	00:00—06:00	18:00—06:00	22:00—06:00
2014	0.33^**	0.29^*	0.30^**	0.27^**
2020	0.45^**	0.37^**	0.40^**	0.43^*

Fig.6 ETg estimated based on Soylu method in different moving windows and ecosystem ET in 2014 and 2020

Table 4 Pearson correlation analysis of ecosystem ET with ETg estimated based on Soylu method in different moving windows in 2014 and 2020

年份	1 d	2 d	3 d	5 d	7 d
2014	0.43^**	0.31^**	0.25^*	0.21	0.19
2020	0.41^**	0.29^*	0.21	0.19	0.15

Fig.7 Ecosystem evapotranspiration （ET） and groundwater evapotranspiration （ETg） of Populus euphratica forest during the peak of the growing season in 2014 and 2020

Table 5 Pearson correlation analysis of ecosystem ET with ETg estimated based on White， Hays and Soylu methods in 2014 and 2020

年份	White法	Hays法	Soylu法
2014	0.33^**	0.64^**	0.43^**
2020	0.45^**	0.59^**	0.41^*

Fig.8 Variations of meteorological factors in Populus euphratica forest ecosystem during the peak growth season in 2014 and 2020

Table 6 Pearson correlation analysis of ETg with groundwater level， temperature， wind speed， solar radiation or VPD in 2014 and 2020

年份	地下水位/m	气温/℃	风速/（m·s^-1）	入射太阳辐射/（W·m^-2）	VPD/hPa
2014	-0.41^**	0.47^**	0.02	0.50^**	0.60^**
2020	-0.54^**	0.19^*	0.04	0.36^**	0.54^**

Table 7 Groundwater level， solar radiation， VPD and ETg linear model coefficients and R2 in 2014 and 2020

年份	自变量	代表符号	系数	R²	调整后R²	模型P值
2014	地下水位/m	X₁	-2.276^**	0.685	0.672	<0.01
	太阳辐射/℃	X₂	0.008^**
	饱和水汽压差VPD/hPa	X₃	0.081^**
	常量	—	-2.388^**
2020	地下水位/m	X₁	-2.609^**	0.706	0.693	<0.01
	太阳辐射/℃	X₂	0.006^**
	饱和水汽压差VPD/hPa	X₃	0.021^**
	常量	—	-2.118^**

Fig.9 Contribution rate of groundwater to ecosystem evapotranspiration

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Estimation of groundwater evapotranspiration of Populus euphratica forest ecosystem along desert river banks based on groundwater level dynamics

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