Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00007

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (4): 220-230.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00007

Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

Jinfeng Wang¹(), Xiaoling Liu¹, Qing Li²(), Rende Wang², Sheng Wang¹

^1.School of Geographical Science，Shanxi Normal University，Taiyuan 030000，China
^2.Institute of Geographical Sciences / Hebei Engineering Research Center for Geographic Information Application，Hebei Academy of Sciences，Shijiazhuang 050011，China

Received:2022-12-02 Revised:2023-02-11 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-08-14
Contact: Qing Li

Abstract

Abstract:

The wind erosion area in the northern Loess Plateau is the typical area of soil wind erosion in the Yellow River Basin. Evaluating windbreak and sand fixation services is of great significance for the construction of ecological security barrier in the Yellow River Basin. Based on the wind erosion model in the benefit evaluation of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project， the amount of sand fixation in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau was estimated， windbreak and sand fixation services were quantitatively evaluated from 2000 to 2020， and the driving mechanism was analyzed in combination with land use， vegetation coverage and climate change. The results showed that：（1） From 2000 to 2020， the annual average amount of sand fixation in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau was 5.52×10⁸ t， and presented a decreasing trend， with the average change rate of -0.12 t·hm^-2·a^-1. However， the retention rate of windbreak and sand fixation services increased at a rate of 0.50%·a^-1， showing an upward trend. The windbreak and sand fixation services of vegetation in study areas were enhanced. In terms of spatial distribution， windbreak and sand fixation services of vegetation were enhanced in northern Yulin， eastern Ningxia， Qingyang， the central and southern parts of Mu Us Sandy Land and Dalad Banner in the northern sandy land. （2） Grassland is the main land use type on controlling soil wind erosion and playing the role of windbreak and sand fixation. Desertification reversal and conversion of farmland to grassland significantly improved windbreak and sand fixation services， while grassland degradation will significantly weaken sand fixation services. （3） Wind speed is the main driving factor for the change of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau. Vegetation restoration plays an important role in windbreak and sand fixation for the key regions， such as Kobq Desert and Mu Us Sandy Land. This study will provide reference for the construction of aeolian sand control project in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: windbreak and sand fixation, retention rate of windbreak and sand fixation services, wind erosion model, the Loess Plateau

CLC Number:

S157

Jinfeng Wang, Xiaoling Liu, Qing Li, Rende Wang, Sheng Wang. Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(4): 220-230.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1 Spatial patterns of （A） land use，（B） cumulative time of wind speed （≥5 m·s-1） and （C） vegetation coverage in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

Fig.2 Annual variation of sand fixation per unit area and windbreak and sand fixation services retention rate in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau during 2000-2020

Table 1 Classification and proportion of sand fixation per unit area in the wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau in three periods

等级	分级标准 /(t·hm^-2)	平均单位面积固沙量/(t·hm^-2·a^-1)			面积占比/%
等级	分级标准 /(t·hm^-2)	2000—2020年	2000—2009年	2010—2020年	2000—2020年	2000—2009年	2010—2020年
低	0~2	0.46	0.42	0.42	62.67	63.25	61.48
较低	2~10	4.48	4.50	4.56	16.40	15.94	17.43
中	10~25	16.27	16.23	16.27	5.53	5.28	5.93
较高	25~80	52.11	51.25	50.57	6.42	6.18	6.69
高	>80	112.16	112.38	117.23	8.97	9.35	8.47

Fig.3 Spatial pattern and variation characteristics of sand fixation per unit area in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

Fig.4 Spatial pattern and change characteristics of windbreak and sand fixation services retention rate in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

Fig.5 Annual variation rate of sand fixation per unit area in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

Table 2 Sand fixation and annual average windbreak and sand fixation services retention rate of different land use types in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau in 2000-2009 and 2010-2020

项目	研究时段	耕地	林地	灌丛	草地	荒漠	建设用地	水域
土地利用/万km²及变化率	P₁(2000—2009年)	9.41	1.10	0.07	22.11	2.47	0.47	0.16
	P₂(2010—2020年)	8.81	1.25	0.05	22.94	1.86	0.70	0.18
	P₁-P₂变化量	-0.60	0.15	-0.02	0.83	-0.61	0.24	0.02
	P₁-P₂变化率/%	-6.42	13.85	-31.93	3.77	-24.85	50.72	12.00
平均单位面积固沙量 /(t·hm^-2·a^-1) 及变化率	P₁(2000—2009年)	7.20	15.50	15.89	18.31	24.63	3.48	2.82
	P₂(2010—2020年)	7.85	11.61	12.67	18.73	16.99	3.68	2.36
	P₁-P₂变化量	0.65	-3.89	-3.22	0.42	-7.65	0.20	-0.46
	P₁-P₂变化率/%	8.98	-25.11	-20.26	2.30	-31.04	5.70	-16.25
平均固沙量/(亿t·a^-1) 及贡献率	P₁(2000—2009年)	0.68	0.17	0.012	4.04	0.61	0.02	0.0045
	P₁贡献率/%	12.23	3.06	0.21	73.05	11.09	0.29	0.08
	P₂(2010—2020年)	0.69	0.18	0.006	4.30	0.32	0.03	0.0043
	P₂贡献率/%	12.52	3.26	0.11	77.82	5.74	0.47	0.08
年均防风固沙服务保有率/%	P₁(2000—2009年)	27.50	95.05	98.41	47.05	20.88	29.38	31.37
	P₂(2010—2020年)	31.51	95.53	99.23	54.78	13.18	33.19	34.70
	P₁-P₂变化量	4.01	0.48	0.82	7.73	-7.70	3.80	3.33

Fig.6 Variation in sand fixation caused by different land use type transition from 2000 to 2020

Fig.7 Local LISA plots of vegetation coverage and sand fixation per unit area in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020

Fig.8 Local LISA plots for cumulative time of wind speed（≥5 m·s-1）/precipitation and sand fixation per unit area in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau during 2000-2020

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Spatio-temporal differentiation and driving factors of windbreak and sand fixation services in wind erosion area of the northern Loess Plateau

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