Spatial-temporal patterns of vegetation water use efficiency in the Mu Us Desert

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00005

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (5): 120-129.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00005

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Spatial-temporal patterns of vegetation water use efficiency in the Mu Us Desert

Jiaoyue Wang^a(), Shugao Qin^a^,², Yuqing Zhang^a^,²()

^a.School of Soil and Water Conservation/Yanchi Research Station // b. MOE Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering，Beijing Forestry University，Beijing 100083，China

Received:2020-01-08 Revised:2020-02-17 Online:2020-09-28 Published:2020-09-28
Contact: Yuqing Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

Water use efficiency （WUE） is a key proxy for linking carbon and water exchange processes in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the spatial-temporal variations in WUE helps to evaluate the adaptability of vegetation to local environmental conditions. This study estimated the vegetation WUE in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016 using remote-sensing data and meteorological observations. Carbon sequestration （i.e.， net primary productivity， NPP） was estimated based on the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach （CASA） model， while water consumption （i.e.， evapotranspiration， ET） was obtained from the MODIS product. The spatial-temporal patterns of WUE and their responses to meteorological factors were investigated by trend analysis and correlation analysis， respectively. The results showed that：（1） the mean annual WUE across the Mu Us Desert was 0.62 gC·mm^-1·m^-2with a trend of decrease from the east to the west， and among different vegetation types， the values of WUE ranked in the order of cultivated vegetation>shrub>meadow>steppe>desert；（2） WUE increased at the rate of 0.009 gC·mm^-1·m^-2·yr^-1 during the study period， especially significantly in eastern， and the increase in WUE mainly attributed to the rapid rise in NPP； and （3） the relationships between WUE and meteorological factors followed a sequence of solar radiation， precipitation， wind speed， and air temperature from strong to weak， and there were relatively insignificant relationships between WUE and meteorological factors in the western part of the Mu Us Desert. The study highlight that the revegetation programs implemented in the Mu Us Desert have achieved good outputs that both NPP and WUE have increased since 2001， which contributed to the improvement of local ecological environment； however， in the central and western part of the Mu Us Desert with poor condition of water and heat， the mismatch between revegetation magnitude and water should be paid more attention.

Key words: water use efficiency （WUE）, CASA model, meteorological factors, Mu Us Desert

CLC Number:

Q945.79

Jiaoyue Wang, Shugao Qin, Yuqing Zhang. Spatial-temporal patterns of vegetation water use efficiency in the Mu Us Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(5): 120-129.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Location of the Mu Us Desert and the distribution of major vegetation types

Table 1 Calculations of NPP based on the CASA model

计算公式	参数说明	编号
$N P P x, t = A P A R (x, t) × ε (x, t)$	NPP为净初级生产力（gC·m^-2）；APAR为光合有效辐射（MJ·m^-2）；ε为实际光能利用率（gC·MJ^-1）	（1）
$A P A R (x, t) = S O L (x, t) × F P A R (x, t) × α$	SOL为太阳总辐射量（MJ·m^-2）；FPAR为植被层对入射的光合有效辐射的吸收比例，本文选用Potter等^[27]提出的计算方法；α为调整系数，取值0.5，表示植被所能利用的太阳有效辐射（波长为0.38?~?0.71 μm）占太阳总辐射的比例	（2）
$F P A R (x, t) = m i n (S R - S R m i n) / (S R m a x - S R m i n), 0.95$	SR为简单比值植被指数；SR_min和SR_max分别对应某种植被类型NDVI在5%和95%处的下侧百分位数，本文根据朱文泉等^[29]的研究结果，取经验常数1.05和4.49	（3）
$S R x, t = 1 + N D V I (x, t) / 1 - N D V I (x, t)$	NDVI为归一化植被指数	（4）
$ε x, t = T ε 1 (x, t) × T ε 2 (x, t) × W ε (x, t) × ε m a x$	T_ε1和T_ε2为低温和高温对光能利用率的胁迫影响系数；W_ε表示水分对光能利用率的胁迫影响系数；ε_max为理想条件下植被的最大光能利用率（gC·MJ^-1），本文应用朱文泉等^[29]提出的ε_max参数集，设置各植被类型具体取值如下：灌丛为0.429 gC·MJ^-1，草地、耕作植被和其他均为0.542 gC·MJ^-1	（5）
$T ε 1 x, t = 0.8 + 0.02 × T o p t (x) - 0.0005 × T o p t (x) 2$	T_opt为植被生长的最适温度（℃），表示为某一区域一年内NDVI达到最高时的当月平均气温，当月平均气温小于等于0 ℃时则该指标取值为0	（6）
$T ε 2 (x, t) = 1.184 / 1 + e x p ? 0.2 × (T o p t (x) - 10 - T (x, t))$ $× 1 / 1 + e x p ? 0.3 × (- T o p t (x) - 10 + T (x, t))$	T为当月平均气温（℃），当某月平均气温T比最适温度T_opt高10 ℃或低13 ℃时，该月的T_ε2值取最适温度月份T_ε2值的1/2	（7）
$W ε x, t = 0.5 + 0.5 × E T (x, t) / P E T (x, t)$	ET和PET分别为区域实际蒸散发（mm）和区域潜在蒸散发（mm）	（8）

Table 1 Calculations of NPP based on the CASA model

计算公式	参数说明	编号
$N P P x, t = A P A R (x, t) × ε (x, t)$	NPP为净初级生产力（gC·m^-2）；APAR为光合有效辐射（MJ·m^-2）；ε为实际光能利用率（gC·MJ^-1）	（1）
$A P A R (x, t) = S O L (x, t) × F P A R (x, t) × α$	SOL为太阳总辐射量（MJ·m^-2）；FPAR为植被层对入射的光合有效辐射的吸收比例，本文选用Potter等^[27]提出的计算方法；α为调整系数，取值0.5，表示植被所能利用的太阳有效辐射（波长为0.38?~?0.71 μm）占太阳总辐射的比例	（2）
$F P A R (x, t) = m i n (S R - S R m i n) / (S R m a x - S R m i n), 0.95$	SR为简单比值植被指数；SR_min和SR_max分别对应某种植被类型NDVI在5%和95%处的下侧百分位数，本文根据朱文泉等^[29]的研究结果，取经验常数1.05和4.49	（3）
$S R x, t = 1 + N D V I (x, t) / 1 - N D V I (x, t)$	NDVI为归一化植被指数	（4）
$ε x, t = T ε 1 (x, t) × T ε 2 (x, t) × W ε (x, t) × ε m a x$	T_ε1和T_ε2为低温和高温对光能利用率的胁迫影响系数；W_ε表示水分对光能利用率的胁迫影响系数；ε_max为理想条件下植被的最大光能利用率（gC·MJ^-1），本文应用朱文泉等^[29]提出的ε_max参数集，设置各植被类型具体取值如下：灌丛为0.429 gC·MJ^-1，草地、耕作植被和其他均为0.542 gC·MJ^-1	（5）
$T ε 1 x, t = 0.8 + 0.02 × T o p t (x) - 0.0005 × T o p t (x) 2$	T_opt为植被生长的最适温度（℃），表示为某一区域一年内NDVI达到最高时的当月平均气温，当月平均气温小于等于0 ℃时则该指标取值为0	（6）
$T ε 2 (x, t) = 1.184 / 1 + e x p ? 0.2 × (T o p t (x) - 10 - T (x, t))$ $× 1 / 1 + e x p ? 0.3 × (- T o p t (x) - 10 + T (x, t))$	T为当月平均气温（℃），当某月平均气温T比最适温度T_opt高10 ℃或低13 ℃时，该月的T_ε2值取最适温度月份T_ε2值的1/2	（7）
$W ε x, t = 0.5 + 0.5 × E T (x, t) / P E T (x, t)$	ET和PET分别为区域实际蒸散发（mm）和区域潜在蒸散发（mm）	（8）

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of mean annual WUE in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016

Fig.3 Interannual variation in WUE at the spatial-average level (A) and WUE trends among different vegetation types (B) in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016

Fig.4 Spatial distribution (A) and area proportion among different vegetation types (B) of the WUE change types in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016. The change types were determined with the Mann-Kendall test method

Fig.5 Composite map of the NPP, ET and WUE trends in the Mu Us Desert.

Fig.6 Spatial distribution of mean annual precipitation, air temperature, solar radiation and wind speed in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016

Fig. 7 Spatial distributions of the correlation coefficients between WUE and metrological factors and area proportion of the significance tests among different vegetation types in the Mu Us Desert during 2001-2016

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Spatial-temporal patterns of vegetation water use efficiency in the Mu Us Desert

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