Fig.1 Schematic diagram of plant model parameters and boundary conditions of computational domain （A）， and numerical simulation scheme for FSI using a cylinder array as the plant （B）

Fig.2 Transient velocity （A）， transient pressure （B）， and vortex structure （C）

Fig.3 Transient velocity variation curves within the canopy layer over time， with numerical calculation results incorporating flexible plant sway compared to previous experimental data

Fig.4 Velocity contour of flexible plants by VPM （A） and FSI （B）

Fig.5 Three mesh refinement forms and wind profiles at different flow positions

Fig.6 Drag coefficient variation over time for flexible plants under different operating conditions

Fig.7 Comparison of transient （solid line） and time-averaged （dashed line） wind blockage coefficient

Fig.8 Time-average velocity （A）， transient velocity （B）， and transient pressure （C） contour plots corresponding to different plant flexibility levels

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of flow zoning and monitoring points within the plant canopy

Fig.10 Fluctuating velocity （A， dot solid lines for RMS values and dashed lines for turbulent kinetic energy）， spectrogram of velocity energy density （B）， transient velocity （C， D， solid lines for instantaneous and dashed lines for time-averaged velocity） in the front contact zone

Fig.11 Fluctuating velocity and turbulent kinetic energy （A）， velocity energy density spectrum （B） and transient velocity curves （C， D） inside of canopy

Fig.12 Fluctuating velocity， mean turbulent kinetic energy （A）， velocity power spectral density （B）， and instantaneous flow velocity （C） in near wake region

Fig.13 Fluctuating velocity， mean turbulent kinetic energy （A）， velocity power spectral density （B）， and instantaneous flow velocity （C） in far wake region

Fig.14 Comparison of time-frequency curves of flow velocity between operating case 4 and 5

Fig.15 Wind profiles at different streamwise locations， and the differences in wind profile between rigid porous plant models and flexible plant models

Fig.16 The transient distribution of wall shear stress near flexible plants， the white dashed line represents the area occupied by the plants

Fig.17 Variation of average wall shear stress along the flow direction （A）， and variation curves of transient wall shear stress along the flow direction （B）