Correlation between environmental factors and seed traits of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00179

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 109-119.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00179

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Correlation between environmental factors and seed traits of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

Xiaona Chen¹^,²(), Yuguang Hao¹(), Yingming Zhao¹^,², Jingsi Wang³, Haikuan Jia⁴, Haijiang Fan⁵

^1.Experimental Center of Desert Forestry，Chinese Academy of Forestry，Dengkou 015200，Inner Mongolia，China
^2.Dengkou Station of New Plant Variety Testing Center，Dengkou 015200，Inner Mongolia，China
^3.Bairin Bridge Sand-contral Forest Centre in Bairin Right Banner，Bairin Right Banner 025150，Inner Mongolia，China
^4.Hulun Buir City Honghua Erji Forestry Bureau National Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Seed Base，Honghua Erji 021112，Inner Mongolia，China
^5.Hulun Buir City Honghua Erji Forestry Bureau，Honghua Erji 021112，Inner Mongolia，China

Received:2025-09-08 Revised:2025-10-21 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-08-27
Contact: Yuguang Hao

Abstract

Abstract:

Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has become one of the main tree species for the establishment of artificial forests for sand prevention and control. The differentiation phenomenon of its seed traits in different geographical environments is becoming increasingly serious. In order to investigate the changes in seed phenotype and germination characteristics of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica in different regions， the seeds of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica from 5 regions distributed along a natural precipitation gradient were used as test materials. The variation rules of seed size， germination， and seedling growth on precipitation were analyzed， in order to understand the growth adaptation strategies of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica to environmental factors. The results showed that the seed length， seed width， seed thickness， thousand-grain weight， volume， germination rate， and root length of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica showed a decreasing trend with the increase in precipitation. The seed width， seed thickness， thousand-grain weight， volume， and germination rate had a significant linear relationship with precipitation （P<0.05）； the root length had a significant exponential function relationship with precipitation （P<0.05）. Seed length， seed width， seed thickness， thousand grain weight， volume， germination rate， and root length increased with the increase of sunshine hours. The ratio of seed length to width decreased with the increase of temperature， and there was a significant logarithmic function relationship between the two （R²=0.5669， P<0.05）. The relationship between seed length， seed width， seed thickness， seed volume， germination rate， thousand grain weight， root length， and temperature was not significant （P>0.05）. The seed length， seed width， volume， and surface area of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds in different regions had significant differences （P<0.05）. The coefficient of variation of seed volume was the highest （17.96%）. Except for the length-width ratio， other seed traits were negatively correlated with the average annual precipitation， were positively correlated with the average annual sunshine hours. In general， with the increase of sunshine hours and the decrease in precipitation， the seeds of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica became larger in five regions， the germination rate increased， and seedling growth improved. The mechanisms underlying the trade-offs between seed traits and precipitation/photoperiod relationships， as well as their effects on the reproduction and growth of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica， warrant further investigation.

Key words: morphological characteristics, germination characteristic, environmental factor, seed, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

CLC Number:

S791.253

Xiaona Chen, Yuguang Hao, Yingming Zhao, Jingsi Wang, Haikuan Jia, Haijiang Fan. Correlation between environmental factors and seed traits of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(4): 109-119.

Figures/Tables 11

References 40

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引种区	纬度	经度	海拔/m	年均降水量/mm	年均气温/℃	年均日照/h	采集地点
ZGT	42.70°N	122.54°E	246.45	515.0	6.96	2 766.5	辽宁省阜新市彰武县章古台镇
KSKT	42.80°N	117.41°E	1 496.86	424.0	0.62	2 800.0	内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗
DL	42.20°N	116.49°E	1 275.00	384.0	2.71	2 941.1	内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟多伦县
YQ	39.25°N	109.78°E	1 416.00	377.0	7.06	3 011.0	内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗
DK	40.34°N	106.94°E	1 050.00	148.6	7.40	3 211.7	内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市磴口县

引种区	纬度	经度	海拔/m	年均降水量/mm	年均气温/℃	年均日照/h	采集地点
ZGT	42.70°N	122.54°E	246.45	515.0	6.96	2 766.5	辽宁省阜新市彰武县章古台镇
KSKT	42.80°N	117.41°E	1 496.86	424.0	0.62	2 800.0	内蒙古自治区赤峰市克什克腾旗
DL	42.20°N	116.49°E	1 275.00	384.0	2.71	2 941.1	内蒙古自治区锡林郭勒盟多伦县
YQ	39.25°N	109.78°E	1 416.00	377.0	7.06	3 011.0	内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市伊金霍洛旗
DK	40.34°N	106.94°E	1 050.00	148.6	7.40	3 211.7	内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市磴口县

引种区	长度/mm	宽度/mm	长宽比	厚度/mm	体积/mm³	表面积/mm²
ZGT	4.46±0.44^d	2.64±0.22^c	1.69±0.16^b	1.46±0.17^c	14.08±3.37^c	26.31±4.15^c
KSKT	5.11±0.24^a	2.91±0.18^b	1.76±0.10^a	1.58±0.16^b	19.40±3.04^b	33.13±3.22^b
DL	4.49±0.49^d	2.68±0.24^c	1.68±0.49^b	1.50±0.16^c	14.67±3.70^c	26.95±4.62^c
YQ	5.04±0.44^b	3.08±0.22^a	1.64±0.14^c	1.58±0.14^b	21.35±4.20^a	34.41±4.58^a
DK	4.77±0.45^c	3.10±0.28^a	1.54±0.14^d	1.71±0.17^a	21.11±5.16^a	33.43±5.36^b
平均值	4.77	2.88	1.66	1.57	18.12	30.84
F值	218.58^**	149.95^**	101.55^**	222.12^**	243.68^**	17.12^**
变异系数/%	5.93	6.99	4.48	6.16	17.96	11.69

引种区	长度/mm	宽度/mm	长宽比	厚度/mm	体积/mm³	表面积/mm²
ZGT	4.46±0.44^d	2.64±0.22^c	1.69±0.16^b	1.46±0.17^c	14.08±3.37^c	26.31±4.15^c
KSKT	5.11±0.24^a	2.91±0.18^b	1.76±0.10^a	1.58±0.16^b	19.40±3.04^b	33.13±3.22^b
DL	4.49±0.49^d	2.68±0.24^c	1.68±0.49^b	1.50±0.16^c	14.67±3.70^c	26.95±4.62^c
YQ	5.04±0.44^b	3.08±0.22^a	1.64±0.14^c	1.58±0.14^b	21.35±4.20^a	34.41±4.58^a
DK	4.77±0.45^c	3.10±0.28^a	1.54±0.14^d	1.71±0.17^a	21.11±5.16^a	33.43±5.36^b
平均值	4.77	2.88	1.66	1.57	18.12	30.84
F值	218.58^**	149.95^**	101.55^**	222.12^**	243.68^**	17.12^**
变异系数/%	5.93	6.99	4.48	6.16	17.96	11.69

Correlation between environmental factors and seed traits of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica

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