| 生物土壤与生态 |
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| Distribution and Bio-ecological Characteristics of Eremosparton songoricum, a Rare Plant in Gurbantunggut Desert |
| ZHANG Dao-yuan, MA Wen-bao, SHI Xiang, WANG Jian-cheng, WANG Xi-yong |
| Turpan Eremophytes Botanical Garden, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China |
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Abstract Eremosparton songoricum is a rare species in Gurrbantuggut Desert of China, and is listed in the China Red Data Book as a national protected plant. To assist in efforts to conserve and restore this species effectively, the geographic distribution, community structure and demographic characteristics of E. songoricum were studied through field investigation and statistical analysis. ①The distribution and ecological breadth of E. songoricum are narrow, in China, only found scattered in small fragments of the hinterland and sand dunes around the north-southern rim of Gurbantunggut Desert. ②In the E. songoricum community there are 37 plant species, belonging to 33 genera and 14 families. Among them, the temperate geographical elements are dominant and occupy 75.76%. The community can be divided into five associations. The habitat of the community is dry, and the coverage is relatively low. The structure of the community is simple and the species composition is dry-tolerant or sand-dependent. The community is unstable and may be replaced by other communities, such as Aristida pennata-Ephemeral plants community, showing the spatio-temporal temporality. ③E. songoricum has a pattern of low fruit and seed yield with many more flowers. The population seedling rate is (15.36±2.16)%. The seeds are often attacked by worms, the attacked rate is (16.92±2.69)%, and a relatively high proportion（16.2%±2.31%）of seeds are in irregular growth and can not ripen smoothly. ④Insufficient seeds and low survival rate from seed to seedling were the weak link. Clonal growth method with rhizome is the major strategy to maintain and spread populations. Due to highly dependence to aeolian and semi-fixing sand habitats and increasingly destroyed habitat in recent years, E. songoricum had been driven to endangered condition. In the future, in situ conservation should be considered as the most important management activity for this species. At the same time, the artificial populations should be expanded from seeds collected in years of high seed set.
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Received: 02 March 2007
Published: 20 May 2008
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2008, Vol. 28 
