Dynamic changes of vegetation in water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin and its response to climate change and human activities during 2001-2020

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00025

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 57-70.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2024.00025

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Dynamic changes of vegetation in water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin and its response to climate change and human activities during 2001-2020

Huaqing Yang¹(), Rui Zhu¹, Zhenliang Yin²^,³(), Jian'an Shan¹, Wei Zhang¹, Chunshuang Fang¹

^1.Faculty of Geomatics / National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technologies and Applications for National Geographic State Monitoring / Gansu Provincial Engineering Laboratory for National Geographic State Monitoring，Lanzhou Jiaotong University，Lanzhou 730000，China
^2.National Cry-osphere Desert Data Center / Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands，Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Lanzhou 730000，China
^3.College of Safety and Environmental Engineering，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao 266000，Shandong，China

Received:2023-10-31 Revised:2024-03-01 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-08-29
Contact: Zhenliang Yin

Abstract

Abstract:

Vegetation cover change has an important impact on water conservation function and ecological environment change in the water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin. Based on Google Earth Engine （GEE） cloud platform， MODIS data from 2001 to 2020 were selected to analyze the spatial-temporal changes of vegetation cover in the study area by one-dimensional linear regression and Hurst index. The effects of various factors on the spatial distribution of vegetation cover were explored based on geodetector and Pearson partial correlation analysis. The results showed as follows：（1） From 2001 to 2020， NDVI in the study area showed a fluctuating upward trend. The annual average NDVI value was 0.42， and the growth rate was 0.023·every decade. NDVI showed significant regional differences， decreasing from southeast to northwest. （2） From 2001 to 2020， the area with improvement trend （82.47%） was larger than the area with degradation trend （4.97%）， and the area with future continuous improvement （62.63%） was larger than the area with no change （5.78%） and the area with continuous degradation （3.69%）， indicating that the vegetation coverage will continue to maintain an increasing trend. （3） Annual precipitation had the greatest influence on the spatial distribution of NDVI， reaching 0.502， followed by relative humidity （0.418） and altitude （0.374）. Precipitation （77.16%） and air temperature （71.82%） were positively correlated with NDVI spatial distribution， while sunshine hours （77.94%） and relative humidity （62.70%） were negatively correlated with NDVI spatial distribution. （4） The change of NDVI is jointly affected by climate change and human activities， and the shift from low NDVI land use types to high NDVI land use types caused by climate warming and human activities jointly promote the better development of vegetation cover. This study is helpful to clarify the temporal and spatial changes of vegetation cover and its influencing factors in the study area.

Key words: NDVI changes, influence factor, Yellow River basin water conservation area, geographical detector, Hurst index

CLC Number:

Q948.1

Huaqing Yang, Rui Zhu, Zhenliang Yin, Jian'an Shan, Wei Zhang, Chunshuang Fang. Dynamic changes of vegetation in water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin and its response to climate change and human activities during 2001-2020[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2024, 44(4): 57-70.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig.1 Overview of the study area

Table 1 Data information and sources

数据	单位	数据来源
NDVI	/	NASA（https://ladweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov）
降水量	mm	国家气象信息中心（https://data.cma.cn/）
气温	℃
日照时数	h
相对湿度	%
高程	m	中国科学院地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn/）
坡度	°
坡向	°
土地利用类型	/	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心（http://www.resdc.cn/）
放牧强度	头·km^-2	统计年鉴

Table 2 The type of changing trend and the definition of the persistence of changing trend

Slope 趋势	变化趋势类型	Hurst 指数	变化趋势的持续性
<-0.006	明显退化	>0.5	持续性明显退化
-0.006~-0.0006	轻微退化	>0.5	持续性轻微退化
-0.0006~0.0006	基本不变	>0.5	持续性不变
0.0006~0.006	轻微改善	>0.5	持续性轻微改善
>0.006	明显改善	>0.5	持续性明显改善
		<0.5	未来变化趋势不确定

Table 3 The relationship of factor interaction

判断依据	作用关系
$q (X 1 ? X 2) < M i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	非线性减弱
$M i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)] < q (X 1 ? X 2) < M a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	单因子非线性减弱
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > M a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	双因子增强
$q (X 1 ? X 2) = q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	独立
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	非线性增强

Table 3 The relationship of factor interaction

判断依据	作用关系
$q (X 1 ? X 2) < M i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	非线性减弱
$M i n [q (X 1), q (X 2)] < q (X 1 ? X 2) < M a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	单因子非线性减弱
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > M a x [q (X 1), q (X 2)]$	双因子增强
$q (X 1 ? X 2) = q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	独立
$q (X 1 ? X 2) > q (X 1) + q (X 2)$	非线性增强

Fig.2 Spatial distribution of average NDVI and its interannual change trend from 2001 to 2020

Fig.3 Spatial variation trend of NDVI and Hurst index distribution

Fig.4 Results of factor detection in 2001， 2010 and 2020

Fig.5 Explanatory power and interaction types of influence factors in interactive detection

Table 4 Adaptive limits for each factor （confidence level 95%）

因子	NDVI适宜类型或范围	NDVI均值
土地利用类型	林地	0.570
放牧强度/（头·km^-2）	189.7~286.9	0.559
坡向/（°）	319.6~359.5	0.472
高程/m	3 278~4 024	0.569
坡度/（°）	17.1~26.4	0.497
降水量/mm	745.6~823.4	0.642
相对湿度/%	70.8~75.6	0.630
日照时数/h	5.6~6.2	0.626
气温/℃	7.5~10.6	0.536

Fig.6 The significance of partial correlation of climate factors

Fig.7 Proportion of area related to NDVI by different land use types

Table 5 Land use transfer matrix of water conservation area in the Yellow River Basin from 2001 to 2020

2001年	2020年
2001年	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建设用地	未利用土地	总计
耕地	12 587.70	178.33	1 154.78	86.10	469.78	25.93	14 502.62
林地	84.90	24 846.70	1 884.22	51.55	23.62	49.57	26 940.56
草地	1 194.13	2 254.83	143 290.00	353.06	328.55	3 536.30	150 956.87
水域	44.63	25.34	138.77	3 649.32	14.07	42.77	3 914.90
建设用地	128.76	7.72	39.00	5.66	973.81	0.51	1 155.45
未利用土地	14.37	78.78	10 100.80	271.83	24.56	15 464.00	25 954.35
总计	14 054.49	27 391.71	156 607.57	4 417.52	1 834.38	19 119.08	223 424.75

Fig.8 NDVI and the changing trend of climate factors

Fig.9 Changes of NDVI in growing season under different land use types from 2001 to 2020

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Dynamic changes of vegetation in water conservation area of the Yellow River Basin and its response to climate change and human activities during 2001-2020

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