Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 209-218.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00169
Wenrong Kang1,2(
), Wenzhi Zhao1(
), Yongyong Zhang1, Denke Ma1, Yuanyuan Ma1,2, Yifan Yue3, Guoying Zhou4
Received:2025-10-30
Revised:2025-12-22
Online:2026-01-20
Published:2026-03-09
Contact:
Wenzhi Zhao
CLC Number:
Wenrong Kang, Wenzhi Zhao, Yongyong Zhang, Denke Ma, Yuanyuan Ma, Yifan Yue, Guoying Zhou. Vegetation distribution characteristics and influencing factors along a precipitation gradient in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 209-218.
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URL: http://www.desert.ac.cn/EN/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00169
| 生活型 | 物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 科 | 属 | 降水梯度划分/mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200~300 | 100~200 | 50~100 | |||||
一年生 草本 | 青蒿 | Artemisia caruifolia | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | ||
| 野葵 | Malva verticillata | 锦葵科 | 锦葵属 | √ | |||
| 碱蓬 | Suaeda glauca | 苋科 | 碱蓬属 | √ | |||
| 米蒿 | Artemisia dalai-lamae | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | |||
| 滨藜 | Atriplex patens | 苋科 | 滨藜属 | √ | |||
多年生 草本 | 披针叶野决明 | Thermopsis lanceolata | 豆科 | 野决明属 | √ | ||
| 芨芨草 | Neotrinia splendens | 禾本科 | 芨芨草属 | √ | |||
| 冰草 | Agropyron cristatum | 禾本科 | 冰草属 | √ | √ | ||
| 鸡冠茶 | Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 蔷薇科 | 毛莓草属 | √ | |||
| 苣荬菜 | Sonchus wightianus | 菊科 | 苦苣菜属 | √ | |||
| 蒙古韭 | Allium mongolicum | 石蒜科 | 葱属 | √ | |||
| 拐轴鸦葱 | Lipschitzia divaricata | 菊科 | 拐轴鸦葱属 | √ | |||
| 芦苇 | Phragmites australis | 禾本科 | 芦苇属 | √ | |||
| 针茅 | Stipa capillata | 禾本科 | 针茅属 | √ | √ | ||
| 灌木 | 黑沙蒿 | Artemisia ordosica | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | ||
| 珍珠柴 | Salsola passerina Bunge | 苋科 | 珍珠柴属 | √ | √ | ||
| 白刺 | Nitraria tangutorum | 白刺科 | 白刺属 | √ | √ | √ | |
| 红砂 | Reaumuria songarica | 柽柳科 | 红砂属 | √ | √ | ||
| 驼绒藜 | Krascheninnikovia ceratoides | 苋科 | 驼绒藜属 | √ | √ | √ | |
| 膜果麻黄 | Ephedra przewalskii | 麻黄科 | 麻黄属 | √ | |||
| 胶黄芪状棘豆 | Oxytropis tragacanthoides | 豆科 | 棘豆属 | √ | |||
| 柽柳 | Tamarix chinensis | 柽柳科 | 柽柳属 | √ | √ | ||
| 沙拐枣 | Calligonum mongolicum | 蓼科 | 沙拐枣属 | √ | |||
| 中亚紫菀木 | Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus | 菊科 | 紫菀木属 | √ | |||
| 梭梭 | Haloxylon ammodendron | 苋科 | 梭梭属 | √ | |||
Table 1 Classification of vegetation and its distribution patterns along precipitation gradients in the Qaidam Basin
| 生活型 | 物种名称 | 拉丁名 | 科 | 属 | 降水梯度划分/mm | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200~300 | 100~200 | 50~100 | |||||
一年生 草本 | 青蒿 | Artemisia caruifolia | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | ||
| 野葵 | Malva verticillata | 锦葵科 | 锦葵属 | √ | |||
| 碱蓬 | Suaeda glauca | 苋科 | 碱蓬属 | √ | |||
| 米蒿 | Artemisia dalai-lamae | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | |||
| 滨藜 | Atriplex patens | 苋科 | 滨藜属 | √ | |||
多年生 草本 | 披针叶野决明 | Thermopsis lanceolata | 豆科 | 野决明属 | √ | ||
| 芨芨草 | Neotrinia splendens | 禾本科 | 芨芨草属 | √ | |||
| 冰草 | Agropyron cristatum | 禾本科 | 冰草属 | √ | √ | ||
| 鸡冠茶 | Sibbaldianthe bifurca | 蔷薇科 | 毛莓草属 | √ | |||
| 苣荬菜 | Sonchus wightianus | 菊科 | 苦苣菜属 | √ | |||
| 蒙古韭 | Allium mongolicum | 石蒜科 | 葱属 | √ | |||
| 拐轴鸦葱 | Lipschitzia divaricata | 菊科 | 拐轴鸦葱属 | √ | |||
| 芦苇 | Phragmites australis | 禾本科 | 芦苇属 | √ | |||
| 针茅 | Stipa capillata | 禾本科 | 针茅属 | √ | √ | ||
| 灌木 | 黑沙蒿 | Artemisia ordosica | 菊科 | 蒿属 | √ | ||
| 珍珠柴 | Salsola passerina Bunge | 苋科 | 珍珠柴属 | √ | √ | ||
| 白刺 | Nitraria tangutorum | 白刺科 | 白刺属 | √ | √ | √ | |
| 红砂 | Reaumuria songarica | 柽柳科 | 红砂属 | √ | √ | ||
| 驼绒藜 | Krascheninnikovia ceratoides | 苋科 | 驼绒藜属 | √ | √ | √ | |
| 膜果麻黄 | Ephedra przewalskii | 麻黄科 | 麻黄属 | √ | |||
| 胶黄芪状棘豆 | Oxytropis tragacanthoides | 豆科 | 棘豆属 | √ | |||
| 柽柳 | Tamarix chinensis | 柽柳科 | 柽柳属 | √ | √ | ||
| 沙拐枣 | Calligonum mongolicum | 蓼科 | 沙拐枣属 | √ | |||
| 中亚紫菀木 | Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus | 菊科 | 紫菀木属 | √ | |||
| 梭梭 | Haloxylon ammodendron | 苋科 | 梭梭属 | √ | |||
降水梯度 /mm | Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 | Evenness 均匀度指数 | Marglef 丰富度指数 | 物种数 /个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200~300 | 1.14±0.32a | 0.72±0.12a | 0.05±0.04a | 5.11±1.54a |
| 100~200 | 0.93±0.74b | 0.51±0.38a | 0.08±0.06a | 4.56±2.96b |
| 50~100 | 0.36±0.40b | 0.38±0.40a | 0.08±0.11a | 1.92±1.16b |
Table 2 Species diversity indicators under different precipitation gradients in the Qaidam Basin
降水梯度 /mm | Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 | Evenness 均匀度指数 | Marglef 丰富度指数 | 物种数 /个 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200~300 | 1.14±0.32a | 0.72±0.12a | 0.05±0.04a | 5.11±1.54a |
| 100~200 | 0.93±0.74b | 0.51±0.38a | 0.08±0.06a | 4.56±2.96b |
| 50~100 | 0.36±0.40b | 0.38±0.40a | 0.08±0.11a | 1.92±1.16b |
| 降水梯度/mm | 全氮/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.23 |
| 100~200 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.36 |
| 50~100 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.64 |
| 降水梯度/mm | 全磷/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 0.06 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.44 |
| 100~200 | 0.37 | 1.23 | 0.60 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
| 50~100 | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.45 |
| 降水梯度/mm | 全钾/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 16.12 | 20.76 | 17.90 | 1.54 | 0.09 |
| 100~200 | 12.99 | 21.27 | 17.97 | 2.39 | 0.13 |
| 50~100 | 9.14 | 18.45 | 15.08 | 2.64 | 0.17 |
| 降水梯度/mm | pH | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 7.46 | 8.26 | 7.78 | 0.23 | 0.03 |
| 100~200 | 7.25 | 8.98 | 7.85 | 0.46 | 0.06 |
| 50~100 | 7.05 | 8.59 | 7.81 | 0.45 | 0.06 |
Table 3 Descriptive statistical analysis of soil physical and chemical properties under different precipitation gradients
| 降水梯度/mm | 全氮/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.23 |
| 100~200 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.36 |
| 50~100 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.64 |
| 降水梯度/mm | 全磷/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 0.06 | 0.68 | 0.47 | 0.21 | 0.44 |
| 100~200 | 0.37 | 1.23 | 0.60 | 0.19 | 0.31 |
| 50~100 | 0.04 | 0.60 | 0.37 | 0.16 | 0.45 |
| 降水梯度/mm | 全钾/(g·kg-1) | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 16.12 | 20.76 | 17.90 | 1.54 | 0.09 |
| 100~200 | 12.99 | 21.27 | 17.97 | 2.39 | 0.13 |
| 50~100 | 9.14 | 18.45 | 15.08 | 2.64 | 0.17 |
| 降水梯度/mm | pH | 标准差 | 变异系数 | ||
| 最小值 | 最大值 | 平均值 | |||
| 200~300 | 7.46 | 8.26 | 7.78 | 0.23 | 0.03 |
| 100~200 | 7.25 | 8.98 | 7.85 | 0.46 | 0.06 |
| 50~100 | 7.05 | 8.59 | 7.81 | 0.45 | 0.06 |
| 因素 | r | P |
|---|---|---|
| 环境因素 | 0.19 | 0.006 |
| 土壤性质 | 0.17 | 0.051 |
Table 4 Mantel correlation analysis of vegetation indicators with environmental factors and soil physical and chemical properties
| 因素 | r | P |
|---|---|---|
| 环境因素 | 0.19 | 0.006 |
| 土壤性质 | 0.17 | 0.051 |
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