Spatiotemporal variations in wind erosion intensity and their main impact factors in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2020

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00025

Journal of Desert Research ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 336-347.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2026.00025

Spatiotemporal variations in wind erosion intensity and their main impact factors in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2020

Yunji Yan¹(), Fei Bai², Jiaqiong Zhang¹^,³(), Xin An¹, Xiaoqiang Fan¹, Ye Wang¹^,³

^1.College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering / State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control，Northwest A&F University，Yangling 712100，Shaanxi，China
^2.Yulin Engineering Construction Center of Soil and Water Conservation Ecological，Yulin 719000，Shaanxi，China
^3.Institute of Soil and Water Conservation，Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources，Yangling 712100，Shaanxi，China

Received:2025-12-31 Revised:2026-02-11 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-04-13
Contact: Jiaqiong Zhang

Abstract

Abstract:

The temporal and spatial patterns of soil erosion intensity in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau have obviously changed with the continuous implementation of ecological restoration projects represented by Grain-for-Green Program. However， understanding of the spatiotemporal variation in wind erosion intensity remains limited， hindering the development of precise and targeted control strategies under changing environmental conditions. This study applied the Revised Wind Erosion Equation （RWEQ） to estimate annual wind erosion modulus from 1982 to 2020， to clarify spatiotemporal variation in wind erosion intensity， and to determine its main impact factors. The results showed that annual wind erosion modulus exhibited four distinct stages since 1982， which were fluctuating decline （1982-1989）， relative stability （1990-2000）， rapid decline （2001-2008）， and low-value stability （2009-2020） stages. The mean modulus in the fourth stage （681.8 t·km^-2·a^-1） reduced by 73.3% compared to that of the first stage. Spring was consistently the high-risk season of wind erosion in all phases， accounting for 53.5% of annual total erosion modulus. In the past four decades， areas with significant reduction of wind erosion intensity exceeded 80% of the study region， particularly in the central area， where 98.1% of this area showed significant reduction in wind erosion intensity. The area of above-moderate and above-severe erosion concentrated in the northwest and north decreased from 22.4% and 12.9% in the first stage to 6.7% and 2.8% in the fourth stage， respectively. The spatial variation in wind erosion intensity was jointly influenced by soil properties， climate， and vegetation cover. However， the impact of vegetation cover attributed to ecosystem restoration projects such as the Grain-for-Green Program increased from 29.6% to 62.1% with mean vegetation cover increasing by 16.5% in the past four decades， which indicated substantial environmental improvements induced by ecological restoration.

Key words: wind-water erosion crisscross region, Revised Wind Erosion Equation （RWEQ）, wind erosion intensity, spatiotemporal variation, impact factors

CLC Number:

S157.1

Yunji Yan, Fei Bai, Jiaqiong Zhang, Xin An, Xiaoqiang Fan, Ye Wang. Spatiotemporal variations in wind erosion intensity and their main impact factors in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2020[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 336-347.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Location of the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau and meteorological stations used for simulation

Fig.2 Temporal variations of wind erosion modulus in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau during 1982-2020

Fig.3 Spatial variation characteristics in wind erosion intensity in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau during 1982-2020 （A case of typical year with interval of 5 years）

Fig.4 Spatial distribution of soil erosion intensity transition in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau during 1982-2020

Fig.5 Spatial variation trends of wind erosion modulus in the wind-water erosion crisscross region on the Loess Plateau during 1982-2020 based of Theil-Sen median trend and Mann-Kendall significance analysis

Fig.6 Main impact factors for wind erosion analysis based on the geographical detection results

Table 1 Comparison of wind erosion modulus between this study and previous results

区域/研究时期	研究方法	土壤总侵蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	土壤风蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	本文相应区域的风蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	数据来源
山西大同/2008年	Cs-137示踪	17 500	4 375^*	1 052.7	姜洪涛^[47]
宁夏彭阳/2007年		2 500~10 000	625~2 500^*	434.1	马远远等^[48]
陕西绥德/2005年		12 000	3 000^*	282.5	李勉等^[49]
陕西靖边/2020年左右		4 849~9 463	1420~3 138^*	1 210.6	Zou等 ^[44]
陕西神木/2014年		8 060~13 370	519~4 230^*	1 429.2	Zhang等^[50]
陕西定边/2014年		1 513~8 314	378~2 079^*	3 414.6	脱登峰^[51]
陕西神木/2015—2016年	Be-7示踪	—	141~771^*	1 362.2	Zhang等^[45]
建设三北防护林的黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带丘陵沟壑区/2000—2018年^§	RWEQ	—	600~1 700	295.2~1 792.5	张雄一等^[21]
黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错带/1980、1990、2000、2010年和2020年	RWEQ	—	246	1 253.0	黎恩丹^[13]

Fig.7 Variation trends in annual mean wind speed， precipitation， and vegetation cover from 1982 to 2020

Table 2 Effects of climate change and vegetation restoration on wind erosion modulus in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau

时段	风蚀模数/（t·km^-2·a^-1）	气候变化贡献/%	植被建设贡献/%
1982—1989（阶段一，基准期）	2 553.04	—	—
1990—2000（阶段二）	1 291.07	70.4	29.6
2001—2008（阶段三）	757.19	53.0	47.0
2009—2020（阶段四）	681.84	37.9	62.1

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Spatiotemporal variations in wind erosion intensity and their main impact factors in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2020

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