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中国沙漠 ›› 2013, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (4): 1273-1280.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00179

• 生态与经济 • 上一篇    

甘肃省农业生态系统能值演变与趋势

孙会慧, 石培基, 潘竟虎, 杨 勃, 刘海猛   

  1. 西北师范大学 地理与环境科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2012-06-11 修回日期:2012-08-13 出版日期:2013-07-20 发布日期:2012-08-13

Emergy Evolution and Trends Analysis on Agricultural Ecological System in Gansu Province

SUN Hui-hui, SHI Pei-ji, PAN Jing-hu, YANG Bo, LIU Hai-meng   

  1. College of Geographic and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
  • Received:2012-06-11 Revised:2012-08-13 Online:2013-07-20 Published:2012-08-13

摘要:

应用能值分析的方法,研究了甘肃省1991—2010年农业生态系统的能值投入及产出结构,并通过计算、对比能值评价指标,分析了甘肃省农业生态系统的发展状况及变化趋势。结果显示:(1)近20年来,甘肃省农业生态系统的能值投入和产出都呈现增长趋势,系统能值产出的增长速度(85%)高于能值投入的增长速度(21%);(2)环境资源对甘肃省农业生态系统的贡献很大,但农业生态系统仍主要依赖于经济能值的投入(化肥、农药、农用机械、电力等),农业生态系统的产出能值以种植业和畜牧业为主,农业结构得到改善,系统稳定性得到加强;(3)甘肃省农业的机械化水平和农业技术逐步提高,系统的生产效率逐步增强,但仍然处于低水平发展阶段,属于消费型农业生态系统,具有较为明显的粗放式发展特征;(4)甘肃省应注重发展生态农业,减少化肥、农药、农膜等对系统生态环境所造成的干扰。

关键词: 农业生态系统, 能值, 演变, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Input-output relation and change of emergy indices of agricultural ecological system in Gansu Province were analyzed with data from 1991 to 2010 by using emergy theory. The results show that: (1) the total emergy of input and output of agricultural ecological system is increasing with a speed of 85% (output) and 21% (input), the total emergy of input is greater than output, indicating that the agriculture in Gansu Province is still in a traditional agriculture stage; (2) in the study period, environment emergy input and economic emergy input account for the total input of agricultural ecological system 27.97%-28.07% and 71.93%-72.03%, respectively, indicating that environmental resources contributes much to the agricultural in Gansu Province, but the development of agriculture is depending on the economic emergy input increasingly; (3) planting emergy output, stock raising emergy output, forestry emergy output, fishery emergy output account for the emergy of gross output from 81.91%,17.46%,0.49%,0.14% in 1991 to 79.12%,19.96%,0.71%,0.21% in 2010, showing that the structure of agriculture in Gansu Province is becoming optimized; (4) the net emergy yield ratio is improving from 0.61 in 1991 to 0.92 in 2010, suggesting that the operation efficiency of ecological system of agriculture in Gansu Province is gradually becoming good, but it is still less than one, the agricultural production is primary an extensive form, relying on inputting a lot of resources to increase production; the emergy investment ratio is around 2.3, the agricultural depends on the environment more strongly; the environment load ratio is maintain from 2.05 to 3.07, it indicates that the environmental pressure of agriculture production is not high, agriculture environment resources can be developed and utilized further; from 1991 to 2010, the emergy sustainable indices rises from 0.22 to 0.34, it belongs to consumptive ecological system of agriculture; the system of production advantage is maintaining from 0.6 to 0.76, it explains that the development level of planting, stock raising, forestry and fishery is balancing; the system stability index of agriculture ecosystem is increasing from 0.50 in 1991 to 0.55 in 2010, reflecting through the adjustment of agricultural structure, Gansu Province agro-ecological system stability gradually strengthened in the years 1991-2010.

Key words: agricultural ecological system, emergy, evolution, Gansu Province

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