中国沙漠 ›› 2021, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 183-194.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2020.00089
收稿日期:
2020-06-10
修回日期:
2020-09-03
出版日期:
2021-01-29
发布日期:
2021-01-29
通讯作者:
李玉霖
作者简介:
李玉霖(E-mail: liyl@lzb.ac.cn基金资助:
Xuyang Wang(), Yulin Li(), Jie Lian, Yulong Duan, Lilong Wang
Received:
2020-06-10
Revised:
2020-09-03
Online:
2021-01-29
Published:
2021-01-29
Contact:
Yulin Li
摘要:
中国北方四大沙地(毛乌素沙地、浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地)是半干旱地区荒漠化发展的典型地区和荒漠化防治的重点区域。分析四大沙地植被覆盖度的时空演变规律及其对气候要素的响应机制,对保护北方生态脆弱区的生物多样性与生态安全具有重要意义。基于1998—2018年SPOT-VEGETATION的植被覆盖度指数(NDVI)数据,结合相应气候资料数据分析发现:四大沙地NDVI年际波动较大,毛乌素沙地和科尔沁沙地植被覆盖度总体趋于好转态势,分别有75.22%和42.06%的面积植被得到改善,而浑善达克沙地和呼伦贝尔沙地植被覆盖度呈非显著下降趋势,其发生植被退化的面积比例分别为60.04%和51.4%。结合极端气候指数分析表明,呼伦贝尔沙地NDVI与持续湿润指数(CWD)的正相关系数最高(r=0.429),而浑善达克沙地NDVI与持续干旱指数(CDD)的负相关系数最大(r=-0.264),表明呼伦贝尔沙地和浑善达克沙地植被分别对持续湿润和持续干旱事件响应最为敏感。基于不同沙地的植被变化驱动分区,建议在毛乌素沙地非气候驱动区域继续实施禁牧封育和飞播造林技术,而在气候驱动区域主要采取封育措施;在浑善达克沙地实施生态移民和“以地养地”模式;对科尔沁沙地的疏林草原应采取严格的封育措施;在呼伦贝尔沙地要坚持生物措施与工程措施相结合,形成“外围封禁、边缘治理、内部发展”的生态发展格局。
中图分类号:
王旭洋, 李玉霖, 连杰, 段育龙, 王立龙. 半干旱典型风沙区植被覆盖度演变与气候变化的关系及其对生态建设的意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2021, 41(1): 183-194.
Xuyang Wang, Yulin Li, Jie Lian, Yulong Duan, Lilong Wang. Relationship between vegetation coverage and climate change in semi-arid sandy land and the significance to ecological construction[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2021, 41(1): 183-194.
图2 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年平均NDVI空间分布特征
Fig.2 Spatial distribution of the multi-year mean normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
图3 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI年际变化
Fig.3 The inter-annual variations of the normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
图4 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI空间格局变化
Fig.4 Spatial pattern change of the normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
图5 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI与气温的偏相关系数空间分布
Fig.5 Spatial distribution of partial correlations between the multi-year mean normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the mean annual temperature in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
图6 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI与降水的偏相关系数空间分布
Fig.6 Spatial distribution of partial correlations between the multi-year mean normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the mean total annual precipitation in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
图7 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI与气温-降水的复相关系数空间分布
Fig.7 Spatial distribution of the multiple-correlation coefficient between the multi-year mean normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) and the two climate drivers (temperature and precipitation) in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
NDVI变化驱动因子 | C1 | C2 | C3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
气候因子 | [T+P]+ | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
T | P < 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
P | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
[T+P] | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
非气候因子 | NC | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.05 |
表1 NDVI变化驱动力分区准则
Table 1 The criteria used for classification of the driving factors for dynamic changes of the normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI).
NDVI变化驱动因子 | C1 | C2 | C3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
气候因子 | [T+P]+ | P < 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 |
T | P < 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
P | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
[T+P] | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P < 0.05 | |
非气候因子 | NC | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.01 | P ≥ 0.05 |
图8 中国半干旱典型风沙区1998—2018年NDVI变化驱动力分区
Fig.8 Spatial distribution of the effects of the driving factors on changes in the multi-year normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) in semi-arid sandy land of China from 1998 to 2018
指数 | 呼伦贝尔沙地 | 浑善达克沙地 | 科尔沁沙地 | 毛乌素沙地 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CWD | 0.429** | 0.362** | 0.068 | 0.138 |
CDD | -0.225 | -0.264** | -0.004 | -0.189* |
表2 NDVI与极端降水指数的相关关系
Table 2 Correlation between normalized-difference vegetation index (NDVI) and extreme precipitation index
指数 | 呼伦贝尔沙地 | 浑善达克沙地 | 科尔沁沙地 | 毛乌素沙地 |
---|---|---|---|---|
CWD | 0.429** | 0.362** | 0.068 | 0.138 |
CDD | -0.225 | -0.264** | -0.004 | -0.189* |
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