1999-2010年陕甘宁黄土高原区荒漠化空间特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00360

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 荒漠化是中国当前面临的主要生态环境问题之一。本文以长时间序列的遥感数据NDVI为基础，关注其年际动态变化特征，选取植被降水利用率作为评价指标，利用时间序列分析方法和残差法，评价陕甘宁地区1999-2010年的荒漠化发展态势以及人类活动在土地退化中所起的作用，并初步讨论荒漠化逆转问题。结果表明：近12年，陕甘宁地区大部分地区植被功能显著增强，生态环境状况趋于好转，尤其在研究区域的中部以及黄河沿岸生态环境趋于好转较明显，只有极少数地区出现退化现象。陕甘宁地区植被生态功能适宜年降水量在300~500 mm区间，当年降水量大于500 mm时，植被功能恢复能力会出现衰退趋势。在研究区，人类活动主要表现为正作用，只有1.65%表现为负作用较少，且为不显著负作用，分布零散。干旱区、半干旱区荒漠界线不稳定，容易造成荒漠化逆转的假象，误导人们对荒漠化逆转评价。因此，判断荒漠化逆转问题要在特定的时空尺度上，同时要结合当年的气候以及人类活动的因素影响进行分析。

关键词: 陕甘宁地区, 荒漠化, 人类活动, 植被降水利用率, NDVI

Abstract: Desertification is one of the main ecological environment problems in current. The paper discussed development situation of desertification in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region from 1999 to 2010 and the role of human activities on land degradation, discussed the reverse of desertification problem based on the long time series of NDVI remote sensing data, focused on the characteristics of its annual dynamic change, selected the vegetation precipitation utilization as evaluation index by using time series analysis and residuals method.The results showed that most areas the vegetation function is significantly enhanced, and the ecological environment improved in nearly 12-years, especially in the middle area of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region, only a handful areas appeared degradation phenomenon. The annual precipitation in 300-500 mm is suitable for vegetation ecological function in the most areas of Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region. The main human activities present positive influence, the negative effect is less and account for only 1.65%. It's easy to improperly judge reversion of the desertification because the arid and semi arid desert line is not stable. Therefore, the reversion of the desertification need to be discussed in a specific time and space scales. At the same time, It is necessary to combine the climate and human activity factors.

Key words: Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region, desertification, human activities, rain use efficiency, NDVI

中图分类号:

X144

韦振锋, 任志远, 张翀, 张嘉琪. 1999-2010年陕甘宁黄土高原区荒漠化空间特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(5): 1230-1236.

Wei Zhenfeng, Ren Zhiyuan, Zhang Chong, Zhang Jiaqi. The Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Desertification in 1999-2010 in the Shanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Region[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(5): 1230-1236.

参考文献

[1] 慈龙骏.对“荒漠化”一词的认识和体会[J].科技术语研究,2000,2(4):11-13.
[2] Dregne H E,Kassas M,Rozanov B.A new assessment of the world status of desertification[J].Desertification Control Bulletin,1991,20:6-19.
[3] 张伟民,杨泰运,屈建军,等.我国沙漠化灾害的发展及其危害[J].自然灾害学报,1994,3(3):23-30.
[4] Sarkar S,Kafatos M.Interannual variability of vegetation over the Indian sub-continent and its relation to the different meteorological parameters[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2004,90:268-280.
[5] Fuller D O,Prince S D,Astle W L.The influence of canopy strata on remotey sensed observations of Savanna-woodlands[J].International Joural of Remote Sensing,1997,18:2985-3009.
[6] Huang S,Siegert F.Land cover classification optimized to detect areas at risk of desertification in north china based on spot vegetation imagery[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,67:308-327.
[7] Sellers P J,Heiser M D,Hall F G,et al.The impact of using area-averaged land surface properties-topography,vegetation condition,soil wetness-in calculations of intermediate scale (approximately 10 km super) surface-atmosphere heat and moisture fluxes[J].Journal of Hydrology,1997,190:269-301.
[8] Rosenqvist A,Shimada M,Chapman B,et al.The global rain forest mapping project-a review[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(6):1375-1387.
[9] 徐兴奎,金晓青,Jason K.LEVY.中国区域陆表热力作用时空分布及异常变化区域的成因[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2009,11:1530-1541.
[10] Envans J,Geerken R.Discrimination between climate and human-induced dryland degradation[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2004,57:535-554
[11] Snyman H A,Fouché H J.Production and water-use efficiency of semi-arid grasslands of South Africa as affected by veld condition and rainfall[J].Water South Africa,1991,17:263-268.
[12] Prince S D,Wessels K J,Tucker C J,et al.Desertification in the Sahel:a reinterpretation of a reinterpretation[J].Global Change Biology,2007,13:1308-1313.
[13] Symeonakis E,Drake N.Monitoring desertification and land degradation over sub-Saharan Africa[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2004,25:573-592.
[14] Helld n U,Tottrup C.Regional desertification:a global synthesis[J].Global and Planetary Change,2008,64(3/4):169-176.
[15] Prince S D,De Colstoun E B,Kravitz L L.Evidence from rain-use efficiencies does not indicate extensive Sahelian desertification[J].Global Change Biology,1998,4:359-374.
[16] Goetz S J,Fiske G J,Bunn A G.Using satellite time-series data sets to analyze fire disturbance and forest recovery across Canada[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2006,101(3):352-365.
[17] Malingreau J R.Global vegetation dynamics:satellite observations over Asia[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1986,7:1121-1146
[18] Herrmann S M,Anyamba A,Tucker C J.Recent trends in vegetation dynamics in the African Sahel and their relationship to climate[J].Global Environmental Change,2005,15(4):394-404.
[19] 张宏,慈龙骏,孙保平.对荒漠化几个理论问题的初步探讨[J].地理科学,1999,19(5):446-450.
[20] 吴波.我国荒漠化现状、动态与成因[J].林业科学研究,2001,14(2):195-202.
[21] Weiss E,Marsh S E,Pfirman E S.Application of NOAA-AVHRR NDVI time-series data to assess changes in Saudi Arabia's rangelands[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2001,22:1005-1027.
[22] 王涛,刘树林.中国干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化调控区划(纲要)[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):959-966.
[23] 王占军,邱新华,唐志海,等.宁夏1999—2009年土地荒漠化演变影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(2):325-333.
[24] 何磊,王超,别强,等.利用MOD13Q1产品监测肯尼亚2001—2010年荒漠化动态[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):46-52.
[25] 谢霞,塔西甫拉提·特依拜.艾比湖流域绿洲化与荒漠化过程时空演变研究[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(1):38-45.
[26] 孙建国,王涛,颜长珍.气候变化和人类活动在榆林市荒漠化过程中的相对作用[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):625-630.