祁连山大野口流域森林空间结构及水源涵养功能

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00424

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 林分空间结构及其水源涵养功能关系一直是森林生态水文学研究的热点.我们在祁连山大野口流域选取林分空间结构、林冠截留和河川径流等监测样地,采用特征参数统计分析、多度分析和相关系数分析等方法,研究了林分空间结构因子及其水源涵养功能之间的关系.结果表明:(1)祁连山大野口流域49块样地的2 819株青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)的胸径、树高、冠长、冠幅、冠幅面积的分布曲线比正态分布平缓,树龄、胸径断面的分布曲线比正态分布剧烈;径级从1～5 cm到26～30 cm、高度级从2～4 m到18～20 m、冠长级从2～4 m到12～14 m、冠幅级从2～4 m到4～6 m,其多度分别为89.4%、94.4%、77.8%和82.7%.(2)林冠截留年总量和平均截留率分别为139.1 mm和35.28％;(3)从相关系数分析来看,海拔对树高影响较大,对冠长影响较小,与其他因子不相关;坡向对冠幅影响最大,对冠长、树高影响较小;坡度对这些因子几乎没有影响.径级与多度、冠长与多度均符合三次多项式关系;胸径与树高、冠长、冠幅、树龄符合线性多元回归函数;雨量级与林冠截留率呈反比.本文可为流域林分空间结构特征与水源涵养功能之间的机理研究提供基础数据和参考资料.

关键词: 空间结构, 降水, 林冠截留, 祁连山, 青海云杉(Picea crassifolia)

Abstract: The relationship between forest spatial structure and the function of water conservation has always been the hot spot on forest ecological hydrology research. Selecting sample area of forest stand spatial structure, canopy interception and river runoff in the Dayekou Basin of the Qilian Mountain, and using statistical analysis of characteristic parameters, abundance analysis and correlation analysis, we researched the relationship between spatial structure factor of forest stand and function of water conservation. The results showed that: (1)For the monitored 2 819 Picea crassifolia in 49 sample area, the distribution curve of diameter at breast height, tree height, crown length, crown, the crown area were more flat than the normal distribution, the distribution curve of tree-age and DBH were more sharp than the normal distribution. For those trees with diameter level from 1-5 cm to 26-30 cm, height from 2-4 m to 18-20 m, crown length from 2-4 m to 12-14 m, the crown from 2-4 m to 4-6 m, the abundance were 89.4%, 94.4%, 77.8% and 94.4% respectively. (2) Canopy interception in total and average intercept rate were 139.1 mm and 35.28% respectively. (3) From the point of the correlation coefficient analysis, the altitude had effect greatly on tree height, little effect on canopy length, and no effect on other factors. Slope aspect had the greatest influence on canopy, but had smaller effect on the conopy length and tree height. The slope has little impact on these factors. Diameter and abundance, canopy length and abundance were all accord with cubic polynomial relation, and diameter at breast height and tree height, canopy length, canopy breadth,tree-age conform to the linear multivariate regression function. The level of rainfall was inversely proportional to the canopy interception rate. This paper analyzed the spatial structure closely related to the water conservation function, and provided basic data and resources for mechanism studying between characteristics of forest spatial structure in watershed and water conservation function.

Key words: spatial structure, precipitation, canopy interception, Qilian Mountain, Picea crassifolia

中图分类号:

S718.51

牛赟, 刘贤德, 李新, 张学龙, 赵维俊. 祁连山大野口流域森林空间结构及水源涵养功能[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(6): 1685-1691.

Niu Yun, Liu Xiande, Li Xin, Zhang Xuelong, Zhao Weijun. Forest Spatial Structure and Function on Water Conservation in the Dayekou Basin of the Qilian Mountain[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(6): 1685-1691.

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