基于MODIS时间序列数据的沙漠化遥感监测及沙漠化土地图谱分析——以内蒙古中西部地区为例

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土地沙漠化是内蒙古中西部地区主要的生态环境问题之一,遥感与图谱分析为其研究提供了有效的技术手段。基于MODIS数据产品,反演时间序列的沙漠化监测指标,结合决策树分类法提取沙漠化土地信息,并提出新的沙漠化修正指数进行沙漠化土地动态分析;采用地学图谱分析方法提取了3个不同时间尺度上沙漠化土地的时空复合图谱信息,对沙漠化土地类型变化、土地沙漠化的程度等进行分析。结果表明:(1)遥感监测指标与决策树分类方法相结合可以有效地提取沙漠化土地信息。(2)2000-2014年内蒙古中西部地区的沙漠化程度与面积总体上呈减轻与减少趋势,2011-2014年间沙漠化总面积年平均值约为17.2万km²,比2000-2010年沙漠化总面积年平均值减少约2万km²。(3)沙漠化土地变化具有多时间尺度的特征,短时间尺度与较长时间尺度上沙漠化的动态变化趋势不同。各类型沙漠化土地动态度的绝对值随时间尺度的增加而降低。不同时间尺度沙漠化土地的净逆转比例也不同,2005-2010年和2005-2014年沙漠化土地净逆转比例较大,分别为13.95%和9.08%。受研究时段长度的限制,10 a或更长时间尺度上进行沙漠化动态变化趋势及其成因机制的分析可能更为合理;而5 a或更短的时间尺度,可能仅对揭示沙漠化高风险区或快速恢复区等热点地区有帮助。(4)2000-2014年毛乌素沙地及阴山北麓的农牧交错区等地区呈现相对稳定逆转的态势,而浑善达克沙地中西部等部分地区沙漠化土地变化较不稳定,近5 a仍呈现恶化的态势。

关键词: MODIS, 遥感监测, 沙漠化, 图谱分析

Abstract: Aeolian desertification is one of the most serious ecological environment problems, for which remote sensing and spatial-temporal changes analysis provide an effective technical support. Combining these inversion indicators and the Decision Tree Classification method based on MODIS data, the information of aeolian desertification was extracted, a new index(Modified Aeolian Desertification Index, MADI) was given to analyze dynamic changes of aeolian desertified lands in the middle-west part of Inner Mongolia from 2000 to 2014. Adopting the spatial-temporal changes analysis method, changes of aeolian desertified lands at three different temporal scales were explored, and changes of desertification types and deterioration levels also were analyzed in this paper. The results show that: (1) The combination of indicators and the Decision Tree Classification can efficiently extract aeolian desertification information. (2) The types and area of aeolian desertification have a general decline trend in the middle-west part of Inner Mongolia during 2000-2014, the annual average aeolian desertified land area during 2011-2014 is about 1.72×10⁵ km² which is smaller than that during 2000-2010 by 2×10⁴ km². (3) Dynamic change of aeolian desertified lands have multi-temporal scale characteristics. Deterioration or rehabilitation trends of aeolian desertified lands at shorter temporal scale is different from those at longer temporal scale. With the increase of temprocal scale, the dynamaic degrees of slight desertification, moderate desertification, severe desertification and very severe desertification land show a decreasing trend. According to our results limited to the shorter research period, it is more reasonable to detect dynamic trend of aeolian desertification and its driving mechanism at 10-year or longer time scales, while it is helpful only to detect those hot spots such as higher desertification risk areas or restoration areas at 5-year or shorter time scales. (4) Different desertication reversion proportions present at different temproal scales, the lager of net desertication reversion proportion is 9.08% from 2005 to 2010 and 13.95% from 2005 to 2014. (5) Aeolian desertification in the whole Mu US Sandy Land continually reverse during 2000-2014, and desertification in the eastern Hobq Desert and the agro-pastrue zone of northern foot of Yinshan Mountains also gradually reverse during 2005-2014. On the contrary, aeolian desertification in the middle-west part of the Otindag Sandy Land present an instability, and tend to deteriorate during 2000-2014.

Key words: MODIS, remote sensing monitoring, aeolian desertification, space-temporal change analysis

中图分类号:

P931.3

康文平, 刘树林, 段翰晨. 基于MODIS时间序列数据的沙漠化遥感监测及沙漠化土地图谱分析——以内蒙古中西部地区为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016, 36(2): 307-318.

Kang Wenping, Liu Shulin, Duan Hanchen. Monitoring and Spatial-temporal Changes Analysis of AeolianDesertified Lands Based on MODIS Data: A case study on the middle-west part of Inner Mongolia, China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2016, 36(2): 307-318.

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