青藏铁路沿线不同类型挡沙墙阻沙率

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00086

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于风洞试验对青藏铁路沿线不同类型防沙措施防沙效果进行模拟研究，探讨了不同类型挡沙墙的防沙效果。结果表明：挂板式、轨枕式和箱式挡沙墙输沙率随高度基本呈递增缓变型趋势，最大输沙率低于20%；铃铛式和高立式聚乙烯（PE）网挡沙墙随高度呈递减陡降型趋势，距地表6~8 cm处为转折点，转折点以上输沙率随高度增大急剧减小，转折点以下输沙率随高度变化较为平缓，最大输沙率低于50%。随着风速的增大，各挡沙墙的阻沙率呈递减趋势：挂板式和轨枕式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性最弱，整体阻沙效果较优，可大范围推广；箱式挡沙墙对风速的敏感性较弱，建议在风速18 m·s^-1以下的地区使用；PE网挡沙墙防沙效果对风速的敏感性最强，建议在风速10 m·s^-1以下的地区使用。

关键词: 青藏铁路, 挡沙墙, 阻沙率, 风洞试验

Abstract: Based on wind tunnel test, the amount of sediment transport before and after different types of retaining walls along Qinghai-Tibet Railway was simulated, and the effect of different types of retaining walls on sand control was discussed. The results show that with the increase of wind speed, the sand resistance rate of each sand retaining wall shows a decreasing trend; the slab-type and concrete-type have the worst sensitivity to wind speed, the best sand control effect and the widest application range. Box type sand retaining wall has poor sensitivity to wind speed. It is recommended to be used in areas with wind speed below 18 m·s^-1. PE-mesh-type has the strongest sensitivity to wind speed. It is recommended to be used in areas with wind speed below 10 m·s^-1. The slab-type, concrete-type and box-type sand retaining wall basically show an increasing trend with the height of the sediment transport rate, the curve is a slow variation, the maximum sediment transport rate is below 20%; bell-type sand retaining wall and PE-mesh-type show a decreasing trend with the height, and the curve is of a steep drop type, and the place 6-8 cm from the surface is the turning point. The sediment transport rate above the turning point decreases sharply with the increase of the height, while the sediment transport rate below the turning point changes gently with the height, and the maximum sediment transport rate is below 50%.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Railway, retaining wall, resistance rate, wind tunnel test

中图分类号:

P931.3

杨印海, 薛春晓, 石龙, 李凯崇, 孔令伟, 张芳. 青藏铁路沿线不同类型挡沙墙阻沙率[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(1): 173-178.

Yang Yinhai, Xue Chunxiao, Shi Long, Li Kaichong, Kong Lingwei, Zhang Fang. Sand resistance rate of retaining wall along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(1): 173-178.

参考文献

[1] 石龙,蒋富强.斜插板挡沙墙设计参数优化数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(3):666-673.
[2] 程建军,蒋富强,杨印海,等.戈壁铁路沿线风沙灾害特征与挡风沙措施及功效研究[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(5):15-20.
[3] 张克存,屈建军,姚正毅,等.青藏铁路格拉段风沙危害及其防治[J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):74-80.
[4] 石龙,蒋富强,李凯崇,风沙流对铁路涵洞响应规律的三维仿真分析[J].铁道工程学报,2016,33(9):14-18.
[5] 李顺平,蒋富强,薛春晓,等.青藏铁路格拉段沙害现场调查及防治研究[J].铁道工程学报,2014,31(5):1-6.
[6] 安志山,张克存,屈建军,等.青藏铁路沿线风沙灾害特点及成因分析[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(2):285-289.
[7] 牛清河,屈建军,张克存,等.青藏铁路典型路段风沙灾害现状与机械防沙效益估算[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):596-603.
[8] 薛智德,刘世海,许兆义,等.青藏铁路措那湖沿岸防风固沙工程效益[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(6):61-65.
[9] 张正偲,董治宝.腾格里沙漠东南部野外风沙流观测[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(4):973-980.
[10] 王自龙,赵明,冯向东,等.民勤绿洲外围不同下垫面条件下风沙流结构的观测研究[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(4):73-75.
[11] 哈斯.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面风沙流结构变异的初步研究[J].科学通报,2009,49(11):1099-1104.
[12] 董玉祥,马骏.输沙量对海岸沙丘表面风沙流中不同粒径沙粒垂向分布的影响[J].中山大学学报(自然科学版),2009,48(3):102-108.
[13] 张克存,屈建军,牛清河,等.青藏铁路沿线阻沙栅栏防护机理及其效应分析[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(1):16-20.
[14] 刘世海,冯玲正,许兆义.青藏铁路格拉段高立式沙障防风固沙效果研究[J].铁道学报,2010,32(1):133-136.
[15] 张克存,牛清河,屈建军,等.青藏铁路沱沱河路段流场特征及沙害形成机理[J].干旱区研究,2012,27(2):303-308.
[16] 李凯崇,刘贺业,蒋富强,等.斜插板挡沙墙风沙防治现场试验研究[J].中国铁道科学,2013,34(2):46-51.
[17] Bauer B O,Houser C A,Nicking W G.Analysis of velocity profile measurements from wind-tunnel experiments with saltation[J].Geomorphology,2004,59:81-98.
[18] 吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:46-55.