干旱荒漠区土地利用方式快速转变对土壤入渗性能的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2019.00097

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究不同土地利用类型下土壤入渗及其影响因素，有助于城市土地利用管理及径流调节。以快速城市化的兰州新区6种土地利用类型为例，利用圆盘入渗仪，对土壤水分入渗过程进行了实地测量，并利用主成分分析对影响因素进行研究。结果表明：城市化过程中土地利用变化使土壤砂粒和容重增加，总孔隙度和饱和含水量降低；待建地和人工林地的土壤入渗参数值均低于其他土地利用类型。土壤入渗率与有机质含量、总孔隙度、饱和含水量、粉粒含量正相关，与容重和砂粒、黏粒含量负相关。城市化过程中土地利用类型向待建地的转变改变了土壤理化性质及土壤水分入渗能力。

关键词: 快速城市化, 兰州新区, 土壤入渗, 干旱荒漠区

Abstract:

Studying on soil infiltration and its influence factors in different land use types are beneficial to urban runoff regulation and land management. This research selected six land use types (e.g. natural forest, artificial forest, natural grassland, land to be constructed, cropland, abandoned land) and observed the process of soil infiltration using disc permeameter. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to establish the relationship between soil infiltration and soil properties. The results showed that land use change could increase soil bulk density and sand content, while decrease total porosity and soil saturated water content during urbanization. The parameters of soil infiltration of land to be constructed and artificial forest were significant lower than those of the other land use types. Soil infiltration was positively correlated with soil organic matter, total porosity, soil saturated water content and silt content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density, sand and clay content. The shift of the other land use types to constructed land and building area had altered soil physicochemical properties and affected soil infiltration.

Key words: rapid urbanization, Lanzhou New District, soil infiltration, arid desert area

中图分类号:

S152.7

张润霞, 赵学勇, 李晶, 吕文强, 柴媛媛, 岳红琴. 干旱荒漠区土地利用方式快速转变对土壤入渗性能的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2020, 40(4): 146-153.

Runxia Zhang, Xueyong Zhao, Jing Li, Wenqiang Lv, Yuanyuan Chai, Hongqing Yue. Impacts of rapid land use change on soil infiltration in an arid desert area[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2020, 40(4): 146-153.

图/表 7

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土地利用类型	砂粒 /%	粉粒 /%	黏粒 /%	容重 /(g·cm^-3)	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	总孔隙度 /%	初始土壤含水量/%	饱和含水量/%
人工生态林L1	19. 89^a	61.61^ab	18.50^a	1.18^a	27.00^a	55.81^ac	17.59^a	49.44^a
人工生态经济混交林L2	18.57^a	55.84^b	25.59^c	1.33^b	25.53^a	50.74^a	23.97^b	37.99^b
自然草地L3	16.73^a	67.93^a	15.35^a	1.19^a	28.36^a	54.68^ac	7.03^c	51.95^a
待建地L4	41.79^b	38.90^c	19.31^ab	1.56^c	15.70^b	43.33^b	7.83^c	27.66^c
农田L5	18.36^a	59.42^ab	22.22^bc	1.08^d	37.30^c	60.15^c	9.38^c	56.72^a
撂荒地L6	18.24^a	57.51^ab	24.24^c	1.22^a	27.78^a	54.81^ac	9.45^c	50.41^a

土地利用类型	砂粒 /%	粉粒 /%	黏粒 /%	容重 /(g·cm^-3)	有机质 /(g·kg^-1)	总孔隙度 /%	初始土壤含水量/%	饱和含水量/%
人工生态林L1	19. 89^a	61.61^ab	18.50^a	1.18^a	27.00^a	55.81^ac	17.59^a	49.44^a
人工生态经济混交林L2	18.57^a	55.84^b	25.59^c	1.33^b	25.53^a	50.74^a	23.97^b	37.99^b
自然草地L3	16.73^a	67.93^a	15.35^a	1.19^a	28.36^a	54.68^ac	7.03^c	51.95^a
待建地L4	41.79^b	38.90^c	19.31^ab	1.56^c	15.70^b	43.33^b	7.83^c	27.66^c
农田L5	18.36^a	59.42^ab	22.22^bc	1.08^d	37.30^c	60.15^c	9.38^c	56.72^a
撂荒地L6	18.24^a	57.51^ab	24.24^c	1.22^a	27.78^a	54.81^ac	9.45^c	50.41^a

指标	有机质	砂粒	粉粒	黏粒	容重	饱和含水量	初始含水量	总孔隙度	坡度	坡向
初始入渗率	0.737	-0.393	0.498	-0.279	-0.645	0.16	-0.620	0.651	0.480	0.480
稳定入渗率	0.813^*	-0.456	0.483	-0.083	-0.823^*	0.834^*	-0.242	0.860^*	-0.101	-0.101
平均入渗率	0.815^*	0.420	0.496	-0.206	-0.750	0.813^*	-0.581	0.773	0.266	0.266
60 min累积入渗量	0.834^*	-0.442	0.486	-0.125	-0.810^*	0.851^*	-0.440	0.845^*	0.038	0.038

指标	有机质	砂粒	粉粒	黏粒	容重	饱和含水量	初始含水量	总孔隙度	坡度	坡向
初始入渗率	0.737	-0.393	0.498	-0.279	-0.645	0.16	-0.620	0.651	0.480	0.480
稳定入渗率	0.813^*	-0.456	0.483	-0.083	-0.823^*	0.834^*	-0.242	0.860^*	-0.101	-0.101
平均入渗率	0.815^*	0.420	0.496	-0.206	-0.750	0.813^*	-0.581	0.773	0.266	0.266
60 min累积入渗量	0.834^*	-0.442	0.486	-0.125	-0.810^*	0.851^*	-0.440	0.845^*	0.038	0.038

指标	主成分
指标	1	2	3
方差贡献率/%	57.16	24.31	12.55
累积贡献率/%	57.16	81.47	94.02
特征值	5.8	2.4	1.3
有机质	0.891	0.331	-0.228
砂粒	-0.906	-0.238	-0.212
粉粒	0.948	-0.149	0.181
黏粒	-0.137	0.972	0.071
容重	0.980	-0.140	0.076
饱和含水量	0.968	0.048	-0.214
初始含水量	-0.009	0.467	0.873
总孔隙度	0.955	0.207	-0.121
坡度	0.444	-0.802	0.064
坡向	0.419	-0.611	0.537