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中国沙漠 ›› 2023, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 178-187.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00121

• • 上一篇    

沙漠生物土壤结皮演替对微生物群落结构和土壤酶活力的影响

张胜男(), 高海燕, 闫德仁(), 黄海广   

  1. 内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院 浑善达克沙地生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2022-05-13 修回日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-05-20 发布日期:2023-05-31
  • 通讯作者: 闫德仁
  • 作者简介:闫德仁(E-mail: nmglkyydr@163.com
    张胜男(1989—),女,内蒙古通辽人,博士,副研究员,主要从事土壤微生物研究。E-mail: nmzhangshengnan@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0360);国家自然科学基金项目(31560239)

Effects of desert biological soil crusts succession on microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities

Shengnan Zhang(), Haiyan Gao, Deren Yan(), Haiguang Huang   

  1. Hunshandake Sandy Land Ecosystem Research Station,Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry,Hohhot 010010,China
  • Received:2022-05-13 Revised:2022-08-15 Online:2023-05-20 Published:2023-05-31
  • Contact: Deren Yan

摘要:

为了解沙漠生物土壤结皮(BSCs)演替过程中微生物群落结构及土壤酶活力变化特征,以库布齐沙漠不同演替阶段BSCs(对照样地、藻结皮、藻藓混生结皮和藓结皮)为研究对象,通过高通量测序分析BSCs中细菌、固氮菌和真菌群落组成、多样性以及土壤酶活力变化,探讨不同演替阶段BSCs对土壤微生物群落结构和土壤酶活力的影响。结果表明:随BSCs演替等级提高,优势细菌由蓝细菌门(对照样地:36.1%;藻结皮:46.9%;藻藓混生结皮:30.7%)转变为变形菌门(藓结皮:36.2%);优势固氮菌由伪枝藻属(藻结皮:80.2%)转变为斯科曼氏球菌属(藓结皮:60.6%);真菌担子菌门丰度(藻结皮:1.0%;藻藓混生结皮:5.0%;藓结皮:13.5%)随BSCs正向演替逐渐提高。藓结皮中细菌、固氮菌和真菌特有OTU数量较对照样地、藻结皮和藻藓混生结皮分别提高1.8~8.3、1.9~33.0倍和1.8~33.0倍;沙漠BSCs正向演替阶段微生物多样性提高顺序为固氮菌>细菌>真菌;土壤微生物多样性增加显著提高了土壤参与碳、氮循环的纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活力(P<0.05)。随着沙漠BSCs演替等级提高,土壤微生物群落结构和酶活力逐步得到改善。

关键词: 沙漠, 生物土壤结皮, 微生物群落, 固氮菌, 酶活力

Abstract:

In order to understand the characteristics of microbial community structure and soil enzyme activities during the succession of biocrusts, biocrusts of differnt succession stages (CK, A30, AM30, and M30) in Hobq desert, China, was chosen as study objects, bacterial community structure, nitrogen-fixing bacterial community structure and fungal community structure in bioctrusts were sequenced via the high-throughput sequencing platform, biocrusts enzymatic activities were measured, and how biocrusts affect soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities were discussed. The results showed that the dominant bacteria changed from Cyanobacteria (CK: 36.1%, A30: 46.9%, AM30: 30.7%) to Proteobacteria (M30: 36.2%) as the succession level increased of biocrusts. The dominant nitrogen-fixing bacterial changed from Scytonema (A30: 80.2%) to Skermanella (M30: 60.6%), the relatively abundance of Basidiomycota (A30: 1.0%, AM30: 5.0%, M30: 13.5%) gradually increased as the positive succession of biocrusts. The unique OTUs of bacterial, nitrogen-fixing bacterial and fungi in M30 significant increased 1.8-8.3 times, 1.9-33.0 times and 1.8-33.0 times compared with CK, A30 and AM30, respectively. The order of increasing microbial diversity in positive succession of biocrusts was nitrogen-fixing bacterial>bacterial>fungi. The exaltation of soil mibrobial diversity significantly enhanced soil cellulase, sucrase and urease activities involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling (P<0.05). In conclusion, the soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities gradually improved as the succession level increase of desert biological soil crusts.

Key words: desert, biological soil crusts, microbial community, nitrogen-fixing bacterial, enzyme activity

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