关键词: 防沙治沙, 沙漠科学, 70年, 中国, 开拓

Abstract:

The Second National Conference on Combating Desert had been held in September， 1959 in Urumqi， which further to demonstrate the attention and expectation from the state's responsibility for prevention and control of aeolian desertification. In the years that followed， the Scientific Investigation Team for Combating Deserts， CAS and relevant provincial （autonomous region） departments carried out a more systematic investigation， experiment， research and practice. This paper focus on following three parts： （1） Based on the experimental investigations in the filed fixed station and semi-fixed station to comprehensive control of the desert， the author discusses some progress and function in the selection and introduction of plant species for moving dune fixing and optimal allocation， the mechanical sand fixation， the moving dune's moisture state and its stabilization and afforestation， the transpiration intensity of the major psammophytes， the process of soil formation in the fixed quicksand area and the dune soil microorganisms， etc. （2） Based on the research results of several major scientific and technological issues in prevention and control of aeolian desertification， the author discusses some main progress and function in the cause of the desert， the relationship between moving regular pattern of sand dune and wind prevention and sand-fixation， the assessment of aircraft seeding， the vegetation types and their evolution law in desert， the psammophytes characteristics， rational use of grassland in desert， the classification of the Gobi Desert and its transformation and utilization， water resources and their utilization， etc. （3） The author expounds briefly the process and the achievements of prevention and control of aeolian desertification during the establishment of the People's Republic of China （PRC） from 1949 to 1965，which affirmed the research objectives， formed the spirit of pioneering dedication and effective research method， and formed preliminarily in theory， practice， team and platform of the desert science. Thus laid the foundation and conditions for the start-up and pioneering of China Desert Science， so that let it enter the development period smoothly.

Key words: prevention and control of aeolian desertification, desert science, 70 years, China, pioneering part