中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (2): 177-187.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00156
• • 上一篇
收稿日期:2025-08-25
修回日期:2025-10-09
出版日期:2026-03-20
发布日期:2026-04-13
作者简介:任孝宗(1983—),男,甘肃白银人,博士,副教授,主要从事水化学、水文地球化学方面的研究。E-mail: renxzmail@126.com
基金资助:
Xiaozong Ren1(
), Xiaoping Yang2
Received:2025-08-25
Revised:2025-10-09
Online:2026-03-20
Published:2026-04-13
摘要:
沙漠/沙地沉积物中普遍含有的易溶盐影响着区域乃至全球盐分循环,其表层沉积物易溶盐的形成常被认为与气候关系密切,而对表层以下沉积物易溶盐的形成因素争议较多。本文对浑善达克沙地赛罕锡林(SX)和巴彦诺尔(BN)两个沉积地层的易溶盐进行浸提,分析浸提液的水化学综合指标、水化学类型和主量组分。结果表明:除个别样品外,SX和BN剖面易溶盐浸提液的TDS(溶解性固体总量)较低,pH呈中性—微碱性,且前者表层风成沙、古土壤和浅色风成沙的TDS均值均较后者高,而除表层风成沙外,其pH均值均较后者低。对SX和BN剖面表层风成沙易溶盐种类和数量的分析表明,不同于中国西部沙漠优势阴、阳离子的种类为Cl-和Na+,相对湿润的SX和BN剖面则为HCO
中图分类号:
任孝宗, 杨小平. 浑善达克沙地沉积地层易溶盐的组成特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(2): 177-187.
Xiaozong Ren, Xiaoping Yang. Composition of soluble salts in sedimentary strata of the Hunshandake Sandy Land and its influencing factors[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(2): 177-187.
| 剖面名称 | 地层类型 | 统计值 | TDS | pH | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | NH | NO | HCO | SO | Cl- | CaCO3 | TOC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SX | 表层风成沙(n=8) | 最小值 | 71.00 | 7.57 | 1.72 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 9.78 | 0.53 | 4.82 | 60.60 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 0.32 | 0.15 |
| 最大值 | 140.00 | 7.72 | 6.66 | 8.36 | 3.79 | 15.82 | 1.45 | 20.79 | 170.80 | 11.13 | 3.87 | 0.77 | 0.31 | ||
| 均值 | 84.25 | 7.65 | 2.62 | 2.32 | 2.31 | 12.29 | 0.74 | 9.40 | 103.21 | 5.62 | 1.60 | 0.55 | 0.20 | ||
| 标准差 | 21.67 | 0.04 | 1.55 | 2.35 | 0.68 | 1.72 | 0.29 | 4.99 | 32.46 | 3.81 | 0.92 | 0.15 | 0.06 | ||
| 变异系数 | 25.72 | 0.59 | 59.03 | 101.11 | 29.50 | 13.98 | 39.07 | 53.06 | 31.44 | 67.80 | 57.58 | 26.83 | 27.12 | ||
| 深色古土壤(n=12) | 最小值 | 64.00 | 7.12 | 2.84 | 0.35 | 2.89 | 7.09 | 0.13 | 0.63 | 56.80 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.12 | |
| 最大值 | 98.00 | 7.65 | 4.66 | 2.88 | 6.16 | 12.28 | 1.88 | 19.05 | 96.80 | 5.62 | 6.85 | 0.83 | 0.24 | ||
| 均值 | 79.08 | 7.39 | 3.60 | 1.24 | 4.61 | 9.65 | 0.61 | 5.93 | 78.12 | 4.25 | 2.00 | 0.54 | 0.19 | ||
| 标准差 | 8.80 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 1.06 | 1.51 | 0.43 | 4.27 | 11.96 | 0.85 | 1.57 | 0.16 | 0.04 | ||
| 变异系数 | 11.13 | 2.34 | 15.85 | 46.26 | 22.94 | 15.66 | 71.33 | 71.96 | 15.31 | 19.99 | 78.67 | 28.95 | 21.98 | ||
| 浅色风成沙(n=10) | 最小值 | 75.00 | 7.16 | 4.41 | 0.66 | 4.99 | 9.21 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 68.90 | 1.08 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.06 | |
| 最大值 | 101.00 | 7.74 | 7.12 | 1.37 | 7.77 | 14.60 | 0.12 | 0.83 | 91.00 | 4.40 | 2.16 | 2.26 | 0.13 | ||
| 均值 | 88.00 | 7.45 | 6.13 | 1.13 | 6.20 | 11.03 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 81.79 | 2.10 | 1.26 | 1.57 | 0.08 | ||
| 标准差 | 7.21 | 0.19 | 0.98 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 1.46 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 6.93 | 0.99 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.02 | ||
| 变异系数 | 8.19 | 2.51 | 15.93 | 16.92 | 13.78 | 13.27 | 15.97 | 60.04 | 8.48 | 47.04 | 38.61 | 31.52 | 26.29 | ||
| BN | 表层风成沙(n=7) | 最小值 | 58.00 | 7.28 | 2.26 | 1.72 | 1.27 | 12.58 | 0.63 | 7.46 | 42.20 | 1.47 | 1.38 | 0.24 | 0.12 |
| 最大值 | 108.00 | 7.74 | 3.83 | 4.62 | 2.33 | 18.94 | 1.37 | 28.47 | 89.00 | 11.89 | 3.64 | 0.60 | 0.29 | ||
| 均值 | 80.86 | 7.56 | 2.95 | 2.61 | 1.83 | 15.63 | 0.90 | 17.61 | 65.91 | 6.01 | 2.68 | 0.38 | 0.19 | ||
| 标准差 | 17.83 | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.91 | 0.41 | 2.42 | 0.23 | 7.03 | 16.59 | 3.42 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.06 | ||
| 变异系数 | 22.05 | 2.37 | 16.72 | 35.05 | 22.37 | 15.50 | 25.72 | 39.90 | 25.17 | 56.86 | 28.97 | 31.25 | 32.82 | ||
| 浅色古土壤(n=3) | 最小值 | 72.00 | 7.55 | 2.38 | 1.08 | 2.38 | 14.67 | 0.42 | 8.30 | 51.60 | 6.68 | 2.54 | 0.27 | 0.25 | |
| 最大值 | 83.00 | 7.67 | 3.13 | 1.94 | 2.64 | 15.46 | 0.83 | 10.04 | 63.30 | 14.40 | 5.92 | 0.36 | 0.32 | ||
| 均值 | 77.00 | 7.62 | 2.65 | 1.51 | 2.52 | 15.16 | 0.64 | 9.16 | 56.27 | 10.49 | 4.48 | 0.31 | 0.29 | ||
| 标准差 | 4.55 | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.71 | 5.06 | 3.15 | 1.42 | 0.04 | 0.03 | ||
| 变异系数 | 5.90 | 0.69 | 12.91 | 23.27 | 4.32 | 2.33 | 26.43 | 7.75 | 8.99 | 30.07 | 31.76 | 13.42 | 10.13 | ||
| 深色古土壤(n=6) | 最小值 | 67.00 | 7.70 | 1.57 | 1.01 | 2.06 | 13.36 | 0.10 | 1.35 | 59.10 | 3.03 | 1.01 | 0.27 | 0.22 | |
| 最大值 | 88.00 | 8.02 | 2.17 | 1.77 | 3.76 | 26.88 | 0.17 | 3.80 | 307.70 | 8.88 | 8.57 | 4.25 | 0.50 | ||
| 均值 | 77.17 | 7.86 | 1.97 | 1.33 | 3.02 | 18.39 | 0.14 | 2.74 | 135.55 | 5.00 | 3.39 | 1.64 | 0.35 | ||
| 标准差 | 7.82 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.60 | 5.53 | 0.03 | 0.85 | 94.84 | 2.11 | 2.48 | 1.70 | 0.09 | ||
| 变异系数 | 10.13 | 1.52 | 10.14 | 17.52 | 19.92 | 30.06 | 20.61 | 31.10 | 69.96 | 42.13 | 73.00 | 103.68 | 26.92 | ||
| 浅色风成沙(n=12) | 最小值 | 38.80 | 7.73 | 0.59 | 0.98 | 3.08 | 9.20 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 52.70 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.06 | |
| 最大值 | 76.00 | 8.30 | 1.34 | 2.76 | 4.79 | 26.01 | 0.18 | 0.85 | 155.20 | 2.04 | 1.95 | 2.75 | 0.14 | ||
| 均值 | 61.42 | 7.89 | 0.80 | 1.70 | 3.36 | 14.80 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 88.40 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 1.06 | 0.08 | ||
| 标准差 | 10.71 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 5.63 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 34.41 | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.66 | 0.02 | ||
| 变异系数 | 17.44 | 1.95 | 31.37 | 25.11 | 13.04 | 38.06 | 14.32 | 47.40 | 38.93 | 66.27 | 78.58 | 62.54 | 28.79 | ||
| 河流/湖岸粗粒沉积物(n=2) | 最小值 | 68.00 | 7.70 | 1.59 | 2.69 | 5.13 | 8.58 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 69.80 | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.07 | |
| 最大值 | 71.00 | 8.01 | 1.92 | 3.46 | 5.21 | 10.04 | 0.14 | 0.61 | 75.80 | 0.96 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.07 | ||
| 均值 | 69.50 | 7.86 | 1.75 | 3.08 | 5.17 | 9.31 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 72.80 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.07 | ||
| 标准差 | 1.50 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.00 | ||
| 变异系数 | 2.16 | 1.97 | 9.48 | 12.48 | 0.85 | 7.80 | 0.12 | 21.04 | 4.12 | 15.49 | 4.67 | 12.73 | 0.62 |
表1 SX和BN剖面易溶盐浸提液水化学综合指标、主量组分和其他指标统计
Table 1 The statistics of the synthetic parameters, major ion contents and other indicators in extraction solution from soluble salt, SX and BN section
| 剖面名称 | 地层类型 | 统计值 | TDS | pH | Na+ | K+ | Mg2+ | Ca2+ | NH | NO | HCO | SO | Cl- | CaCO3 | TOC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SX | 表层风成沙(n=8) | 最小值 | 71.00 | 7.57 | 1.72 | 1.03 | 1.53 | 9.78 | 0.53 | 4.82 | 60.60 | 1.13 | 0.85 | 0.32 | 0.15 |
| 最大值 | 140.00 | 7.72 | 6.66 | 8.36 | 3.79 | 15.82 | 1.45 | 20.79 | 170.80 | 11.13 | 3.87 | 0.77 | 0.31 | ||
| 均值 | 84.25 | 7.65 | 2.62 | 2.32 | 2.31 | 12.29 | 0.74 | 9.40 | 103.21 | 5.62 | 1.60 | 0.55 | 0.20 | ||
| 标准差 | 21.67 | 0.04 | 1.55 | 2.35 | 0.68 | 1.72 | 0.29 | 4.99 | 32.46 | 3.81 | 0.92 | 0.15 | 0.06 | ||
| 变异系数 | 25.72 | 0.59 | 59.03 | 101.11 | 29.50 | 13.98 | 39.07 | 53.06 | 31.44 | 67.80 | 57.58 | 26.83 | 27.12 | ||
| 深色古土壤(n=12) | 最小值 | 64.00 | 7.12 | 2.84 | 0.35 | 2.89 | 7.09 | 0.13 | 0.63 | 56.80 | 2.05 | 0.72 | 0.28 | 0.12 | |
| 最大值 | 98.00 | 7.65 | 4.66 | 2.88 | 6.16 | 12.28 | 1.88 | 19.05 | 96.80 | 5.62 | 6.85 | 0.83 | 0.24 | ||
| 均值 | 79.08 | 7.39 | 3.60 | 1.24 | 4.61 | 9.65 | 0.61 | 5.93 | 78.12 | 4.25 | 2.00 | 0.54 | 0.19 | ||
| 标准差 | 8.80 | 0.17 | 0.57 | 0.57 | 1.06 | 1.51 | 0.43 | 4.27 | 11.96 | 0.85 | 1.57 | 0.16 | 0.04 | ||
| 变异系数 | 11.13 | 2.34 | 15.85 | 46.26 | 22.94 | 15.66 | 71.33 | 71.96 | 15.31 | 19.99 | 78.67 | 28.95 | 21.98 | ||
| 浅色风成沙(n=10) | 最小值 | 75.00 | 7.16 | 4.41 | 0.66 | 4.99 | 9.21 | 0.08 | 0.10 | 68.90 | 1.08 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.06 | |
| 最大值 | 101.00 | 7.74 | 7.12 | 1.37 | 7.77 | 14.60 | 0.12 | 0.83 | 91.00 | 4.40 | 2.16 | 2.26 | 0.13 | ||
| 均值 | 88.00 | 7.45 | 6.13 | 1.13 | 6.20 | 11.03 | 0.10 | 0.36 | 81.79 | 2.10 | 1.26 | 1.57 | 0.08 | ||
| 标准差 | 7.21 | 0.19 | 0.98 | 0.19 | 0.85 | 1.46 | 0.02 | 0.21 | 6.93 | 0.99 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.02 | ||
| 变异系数 | 8.19 | 2.51 | 15.93 | 16.92 | 13.78 | 13.27 | 15.97 | 60.04 | 8.48 | 47.04 | 38.61 | 31.52 | 26.29 | ||
| BN | 表层风成沙(n=7) | 最小值 | 58.00 | 7.28 | 2.26 | 1.72 | 1.27 | 12.58 | 0.63 | 7.46 | 42.20 | 1.47 | 1.38 | 0.24 | 0.12 |
| 最大值 | 108.00 | 7.74 | 3.83 | 4.62 | 2.33 | 18.94 | 1.37 | 28.47 | 89.00 | 11.89 | 3.64 | 0.60 | 0.29 | ||
| 均值 | 80.86 | 7.56 | 2.95 | 2.61 | 1.83 | 15.63 | 0.90 | 17.61 | 65.91 | 6.01 | 2.68 | 0.38 | 0.19 | ||
| 标准差 | 17.83 | 0.18 | 0.49 | 0.91 | 0.41 | 2.42 | 0.23 | 7.03 | 16.59 | 3.42 | 0.78 | 0.12 | 0.06 | ||
| 变异系数 | 22.05 | 2.37 | 16.72 | 35.05 | 22.37 | 15.50 | 25.72 | 39.90 | 25.17 | 56.86 | 28.97 | 31.25 | 32.82 | ||
| 浅色古土壤(n=3) | 最小值 | 72.00 | 7.55 | 2.38 | 1.08 | 2.38 | 14.67 | 0.42 | 8.30 | 51.60 | 6.68 | 2.54 | 0.27 | 0.25 | |
| 最大值 | 83.00 | 7.67 | 3.13 | 1.94 | 2.64 | 15.46 | 0.83 | 10.04 | 63.30 | 14.40 | 5.92 | 0.36 | 0.32 | ||
| 均值 | 77.00 | 7.62 | 2.65 | 1.51 | 2.52 | 15.16 | 0.64 | 9.16 | 56.27 | 10.49 | 4.48 | 0.31 | 0.29 | ||
| 标准差 | 4.55 | 0.05 | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.11 | 0.35 | 0.17 | 0.71 | 5.06 | 3.15 | 1.42 | 0.04 | 0.03 | ||
| 变异系数 | 5.90 | 0.69 | 12.91 | 23.27 | 4.32 | 2.33 | 26.43 | 7.75 | 8.99 | 30.07 | 31.76 | 13.42 | 10.13 | ||
| 深色古土壤(n=6) | 最小值 | 67.00 | 7.70 | 1.57 | 1.01 | 2.06 | 13.36 | 0.10 | 1.35 | 59.10 | 3.03 | 1.01 | 0.27 | 0.22 | |
| 最大值 | 88.00 | 8.02 | 2.17 | 1.77 | 3.76 | 26.88 | 0.17 | 3.80 | 307.70 | 8.88 | 8.57 | 4.25 | 0.50 | ||
| 均值 | 77.17 | 7.86 | 1.97 | 1.33 | 3.02 | 18.39 | 0.14 | 2.74 | 135.55 | 5.00 | 3.39 | 1.64 | 0.35 | ||
| 标准差 | 7.82 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.23 | 0.60 | 5.53 | 0.03 | 0.85 | 94.84 | 2.11 | 2.48 | 1.70 | 0.09 | ||
| 变异系数 | 10.13 | 1.52 | 10.14 | 17.52 | 19.92 | 30.06 | 20.61 | 31.10 | 69.96 | 42.13 | 73.00 | 103.68 | 26.92 | ||
| 浅色风成沙(n=12) | 最小值 | 38.80 | 7.73 | 0.59 | 0.98 | 3.08 | 9.20 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 52.70 | 0.36 | 0.28 | 0.53 | 0.06 | |
| 最大值 | 76.00 | 8.30 | 1.34 | 2.76 | 4.79 | 26.01 | 0.18 | 0.85 | 155.20 | 2.04 | 1.95 | 2.75 | 0.14 | ||
| 均值 | 61.42 | 7.89 | 0.80 | 1.70 | 3.36 | 14.80 | 0.14 | 0.38 | 88.40 | 0.90 | 0.65 | 1.06 | 0.08 | ||
| 标准差 | 10.71 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.43 | 0.44 | 5.63 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 34.41 | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.66 | 0.02 | ||
| 变异系数 | 17.44 | 1.95 | 31.37 | 25.11 | 13.04 | 38.06 | 14.32 | 47.40 | 38.93 | 66.27 | 78.58 | 62.54 | 28.79 | ||
| 河流/湖岸粗粒沉积物(n=2) | 最小值 | 68.00 | 7.70 | 1.59 | 2.69 | 5.13 | 8.58 | 0.14 | 0.40 | 69.80 | 0.70 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.07 | |
| 最大值 | 71.00 | 8.01 | 1.92 | 3.46 | 5.21 | 10.04 | 0.14 | 0.61 | 75.80 | 0.96 | 0.62 | 0.75 | 0.07 | ||
| 均值 | 69.50 | 7.86 | 1.75 | 3.08 | 5.17 | 9.31 | 0.14 | 0.50 | 72.80 | 0.83 | 0.60 | 0.66 | 0.07 | ||
| 标准差 | 1.50 | 0.16 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.04 | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 3.00 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.08 | 0.00 | ||
| 变异系数 | 2.16 | 1.97 | 9.48 | 12.48 | 0.85 | 7.80 | 0.12 | 21.04 | 4.12 | 15.49 | 4.67 | 12.73 | 0.62 |
图3 水化学综合指标、主量组分和其他指标随地层深度的变化注:TDS表示可溶性固体总量(mg·L-1),CaCO3(%)、TOC(%)、Mz(Φ)和磁化率数据来源于文献[19]
Fig.3 The variation of synthetic parameters, major ion contents and other indicators with section depth
图6 扩展型Durov三线图指示的SX和BN剖面易溶盐水文地球化学演变过程
Fig.6 The hydrogeochemical evolution process of soluble salt from SX and BN section indicated by the Expanded Durov Diagram
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