降水减少对戈壁荒漠地表节肢动物多样性的影响

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00274

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

戈壁荒漠降水变化强烈影响动植物的生长和繁殖，进而驱动荒漠生物多样性及其生态功能变化。本文基于该区多年降水变化数据，建立了以单株灌木为中心的模拟降水减少50%的定位观测实验平台，研究地表节肢动物多样性对降雨减少处理的响应模式及季节变异规律。结果表明：降雨减少对红砂（Reaumuria songarica）小区夏季和秋季地表节肢动物群落组成的影响均较小；降雨减少对泡泡刺（Nitraria sphaerocarpa）小区夏季地表节肢动物群落组成有显著影响，但对秋季地表节肢动物群落组成的影响较小。地表节肢动物数量对降雨减少的响应较物种丰富度敏感，红砂小区夏季和秋季地表节肢动物数量在降水减少处理和对照小区相差较小，泡泡刺小区夏季降水减少处理显著降低了地表节肢动物捕获数量，但在秋季的影响较小。泡泡刺小区降水减少处理显著降低了夏季杂食性节肢动物的捕获数量，但提高了捕食性和植食性节肢动物捕获数量；降水减少处理还显著降低了夏季大型甲虫的捕获数量，但显著提高了小型甲虫的捕获数量。此外，降雨减少处理显著提高了夏季红砂小区大甜菜象和克氏扁漠甲与秋季戈壁琵甲的捕获数量，显著降低了秋季波笨粪金龟的捕获数量。总之，降雨减少会降低戈壁荒漠以大型甲虫为主的杂食性节肢动物的数量并随着季节和灌木种类变化而变化，这会影响食物网结构及其功能。

关键词: 戈壁荒漠, 模拟降雨减少, 地表节肢动物, 多样性, 功能性状

Abstract:

In the gobi desert， precipitation variability has a profound impact on the growth and reproduction of plants， arthropods， and vertebrates， which in turn drives changes in desert biodiversity and its ecological functions. Leveraging long-term precipitation data from this region， we established a fixed-plot experimental platform centered on individual shrubs to simulate a 50% reduction in precipitation. This study examines how ground arthropod diversity responds to reduced precipitation and explores the seasonal patterns of these responses. The results showed that in the Reaumuria songarica plots， reduced precipitation had a minimal impact on the composition of ground arthropod communities in both summer and autumn. In contrast， in the Nitraria sphaerocarpa plots， reduced precipitation significantly altered the composition of ground arthropod communities in summer but had a lesser effect in autumn. In the N. sphaerocarpa plots， the reduced precipitation treatment significantly decreased the abundance of omnivorous arthropods in summer but increased the abundance of predatory and herbivorous arthropods. Additionally， the reduced precipitation treatment led to a significant decline in the abundance of large beetles in summer， while the abundance of small beetles increased significantly. Moreover， the study also found that the reduced precipitation treatment significantly increased the abundance of Cleonus verrucosus and Sternotrigon kraatzi during summer and the abundance of Blaps gobiensis during autumn in the R. songarica plots， while significantly decreasing the abundance of Lethrus potanini in autumn. In summary， reduced precipitation in the gobi desert results in decreased abundance of large omnivorous arthropods， particularly beetles， with the extent of this reduction varying by season and shrub species. These shifts can profoundly affect the structure and function of food webs.

Key words: gobi desert, simulated reduced precipitation, ground arthropods, diversity, functional traits

中图分类号:

严祺涵, 刘继亮, 王永珍, 冯怡琳, 秦畅, 任嘉隆, 辛未冬, 罗亚勇. 降水减少对戈壁荒漠地表节肢动物多样性的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(4): 365-376.

Qihan Yan, Jiliang Liu, Yongzhen Wang, Yilin Feng, Chang Qin, Jialong Ren, Weidong Xin, Yayong Luo. Effects of simulated reduced precipitation on ground arthropod diversity in gobi desert ecosystems[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(4): 365-376.

图/表 10

参考文献 35

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地表节肢动物	红砂		泡泡刺
地表节肢动物	处理	对照	处理	对照
东亚钳蝎（Mesobuthus martensii)	11	3	16	15
双刺拉基盲蛛（Lacinius bidens)	7	5	3	5
避日（Eusimonia spp.）)	1			2
蟹蛛（Xysticus spp.)		2	1	8
舍氏艾狼蛛（Evippa sjostedti)	1		7	4
平腹蛛（Gnaphosa spp.)	49	59	74	74
白斑肥腹蛛（Steatoda albomaculata)		4	1	2
园蛛科（Araneidae sp.)		1
逍遥蛛属（Philodromus spp.)	5		6	4
跳蛛科（Salticidae sp.)	3	1	2
皿蛛亚科（Linyphiinae sp.)	6		2	2
小长蝽（Nysius ericae)	4	2	10	5
北姬蝽（Nabis reuter)	4
叶缘长蝽（Emblethis sp.)	10	2	2
巨膜长蝽（Jakowleffia setulosa)	7	23	7	8
无翅猎蝽（Coranus dilatatus)	1
大青叶蝉（Cicadella viridis)	8	21	14	17
蚜科（Aphididae sp.)		1
红角婪步甲（Harpalus amplicollis)		1	1
暗步甲（Amara potanini)		1
半猛步甲（Cymindis semenowi)		2	4	1
伪葬步甲（Pseudotaphoxenus originalis)	3	2	2	1
戈壁琵甲（Blaps gobiensis)	108	83	108	246
中华砚甲（Cyphogenia chinensis)	10	16	13	20
克氏扁漠甲（Sternotrigon kraatzi)	18	8	30	32
宽突东鳖甲（Anatolica sternalis)	15	19	23	21
波氏东鳖甲（Anatolica potanini)		4		1
洛氏脊漠甲（Pterocoma loczyi)	104	89	92	117
阿小鳖甲（Microdera kraatzi alashanica)	64	77	93	37
朽木甲（Alleculinae sp.)	1			1
墨黑覆葬甲（Nicrophorus morio)			1
梨象属（Apion sp.)			1
船象属（Baris sp.)	1
黄褐纤毛象（Tanymecus urbanus)	1			1
齿足象属（Deracanthus sp.)	1		1
深洼齿足象（Deracanthus jakovlevi)	8	10	8	11
大甜菜象（Cleonus verrucosus)	25	13	14	12
波笨粪金龟（Lethrus potanini)	7	29	11	11
蜉金龟（Aphadius sp.1)	3	2	4	6
蜉金龟（Aphadius sp.2)	1
白星花金龟（Postosia brevitarsis)	1	1
锯谷盗科（Silvanidae sp.)	1
前角隐翅虫（Aleochara sp.)	1	1		1
一角甲（Notoxus sp.)	1	1	1	2
皮蠹科（Dermestidae sp.)				1
白刺萤叶甲（Diorhabda rybakowi)			24
异色瓢虫（Harmonia axyridis)				1
荒漠收获蚁（Messor desertora)	97	106	98	110
艾箭蚁（Cataglyphis aenescens)	70	117	69	83

地表节肢动物	红砂		泡泡刺
地表节肢动物	处理	对照	处理	对照
东亚钳蝎（Mesobuthus martensii)	11	3	16	15
双刺拉基盲蛛（Lacinius bidens)	7	5	3	5
避日（Eusimonia spp.）)	1			2
蟹蛛（Xysticus spp.)		2	1	8
舍氏艾狼蛛（Evippa sjostedti)	1		7	4
平腹蛛（Gnaphosa spp.)	49	59	74	74
白斑肥腹蛛（Steatoda albomaculata)		4	1	2
园蛛科（Araneidae sp.)		1
逍遥蛛属（Philodromus spp.)	5		6	4
跳蛛科（Salticidae sp.)	3	1	2
皿蛛亚科（Linyphiinae sp.)	6		2	2
小长蝽（Nysius ericae)	4	2	10	5
北姬蝽（Nabis reuter)	4
叶缘长蝽（Emblethis sp.)	10	2	2
巨膜长蝽（Jakowleffia setulosa)	7	23	7	8
无翅猎蝽（Coranus dilatatus)	1
大青叶蝉（Cicadella viridis)	8	21	14	17
蚜科（Aphididae sp.)		1
红角婪步甲（Harpalus amplicollis)		1	1
暗步甲（Amara potanini)		1
半猛步甲（Cymindis semenowi)		2	4	1
伪葬步甲（Pseudotaphoxenus originalis)	3	2	2	1
戈壁琵甲（Blaps gobiensis)	108	83	108	246
中华砚甲（Cyphogenia chinensis)	10	16	13	20
克氏扁漠甲（Sternotrigon kraatzi)	18	8	30	32
宽突东鳖甲（Anatolica sternalis)	15	19	23	21
波氏东鳖甲（Anatolica potanini)		4		1
洛氏脊漠甲（Pterocoma loczyi)	104	89	92	117
阿小鳖甲（Microdera kraatzi alashanica)	64	77	93	37
朽木甲（Alleculinae sp.)	1			1
墨黑覆葬甲（Nicrophorus morio)			1
梨象属（Apion sp.)			1
船象属（Baris sp.)	1
黄褐纤毛象（Tanymecus urbanus)	1			1
齿足象属（Deracanthus sp.)	1		1
深洼齿足象（Deracanthus jakovlevi)	8	10	8	11
大甜菜象（Cleonus verrucosus)	25	13	14	12
波笨粪金龟（Lethrus potanini)	7	29	11	11
蜉金龟（Aphadius sp.1)	3	2	4	6
蜉金龟（Aphadius sp.2)	1
白星花金龟（Postosia brevitarsis)	1	1
锯谷盗科（Silvanidae sp.)	1
前角隐翅虫（Aleochara sp.)	1	1		1
一角甲（Notoxus sp.)	1	1	1	2
皮蠹科（Dermestidae sp.)				1
白刺萤叶甲（Diorhabda rybakowi)			24
异色瓢虫（Harmonia axyridis)				1
荒漠收获蚁（Messor desertora)	97	106	98	110
艾箭蚁（Cataglyphis aenescens)	70	117	69	83

主要地表节肢动物种	红砂				泡泡刺
	夏季		秋季		夏季		秋季
	处理	对照	处理	对照	处理	对照	处理	对照
东亚钳蝎(Mesobuthus martensii)	0.33±0.09^a	0.13±0.09^a	0.19±0.13^a	0±0^a	0.46±0.18^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.31±0.09^a	0.19±0.13^a
平腹蛛(Gnaphosa spp.)	1.13±0.34^a	1.67±0.30^a	1.38±0.40^a	1.19±0.33^a	2.38±0.61^a	2.08±0.28^a	1.06±0.24^a	1.50±0.40^a
巨膜长蝽(Jakowleffia setulosa)	0.25±0.08^a	0.88±0.42^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.13±0.13^a	0.17±0.09^a	0.33±0.11^a	0.19±0.13^a	0±0^a
大青叶蝉(Cicadella viridis)	0.21±0.14^a	0.50±0.21^a	0.19±0.09^a	0.56±0.37^a	0.54±0.23^a	0.58±0.18^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.19±0.13^a
深洼齿足象(Deracanthus jakovlevi)	0.04±0.04^a	0±0^a	0.44±0.18^a	0.63±0.23^a	0.04±0.04^a	0.04±0.04^a	0.44±0.11^a	0.63±0.21^a
大甜菜象(Cleonus verrucosus)	0.88±0.50^a	0.50±0.15^b	0.25±0.13^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.50±0.18^a	0.50±0.15^a	0.13±0.08^a	0±0^a
波笨粪金龟(Lethrus potanini)	0.17±0.06^a	0.42±0.15^a	0.19±0.13^b	1.19±0.58^a	0.13±0.09^a	0.25±0.16^a	0.50±0.16^a	0.31±0.16^a
戈壁琵甲(Blaps gobiensis)	2.75±1.09^a	2.58±0.62^a	2.63±0.58^a	1.31±0.43^b	2.46±0.38^a	7.67±2.88^a	3.06±0.95^a	3.88±0.61^a
中华砚甲(Cyphogenia chinensis)	0.38±0.12^a	0.58±0.16^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.13±0.13^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.79±0.46^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.06±0.06^a
克氏扁漠甲(Sternotrigon kraatzi)	0.75±0.21^a	0.33±0.09^b	0±0^a	0±0^a	1.21±0.41^a	1.29±0.17^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.06±0.06^a
宽突东鳖甲(Anatolica sternalis)	0.63±0.15^a	0.75±0.18^a	0±0^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.88±0.17^a	0.75±0.23^a	0.13±0.08^a	0.19±0.09^a
洛氏脊漠甲(Pterocoma loczyi)	4.33±0.73^a	3.71±0.47^a	0±0^a	0±0^a	3.83±0.55^a	4.88±0.99^a	0±0^a	0±0^a
阿小鳖甲(Microdera kraatzi alashanica)	1.46±0.30^a	2.13±0.54^a	1.82±0.49^a	1.63±0.69^a	2.46±0.65^a	1.13±0.18^a	2.13±1.39^a	0.63±0.28^a
荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertora)	2.38±0.48^a	2.71±0.63^a	2.50±0.79^a	2.56±0.65^a	2.42±0.66^a	3.17±0.59^a	2.50±1.30^a	2.13±0.65^a
艾箭蚁(Cataglyphis aenescens)	2.54±0.74^a	4.00±0.73^a	0.56±0.49^a	1.31±0.53^a	2.42±1.00^a	3.21±0.48^a	0.69±0.47^a	0.38±0.21^a

主要地表节肢动物种	红砂				泡泡刺
	夏季		秋季		夏季		秋季
	处理	对照	处理	对照	处理	对照	处理	对照
东亚钳蝎(Mesobuthus martensii)	0.33±0.09^a	0.13±0.09^a	0.19±0.13^a	0±0^a	0.46±0.18^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.31±0.09^a	0.19±0.13^a
平腹蛛(Gnaphosa spp.)	1.13±0.34^a	1.67±0.30^a	1.38±0.40^a	1.19±0.33^a	2.38±0.61^a	2.08±0.28^a	1.06±0.24^a	1.50±0.40^a
巨膜长蝽(Jakowleffia setulosa)	0.25±0.08^a	0.88±0.42^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.13±0.13^a	0.17±0.09^a	0.33±0.11^a	0.19±0.13^a	0±0^a
大青叶蝉(Cicadella viridis)	0.21±0.14^a	0.50±0.21^a	0.19±0.09^a	0.56±0.37^a	0.54±0.23^a	0.58±0.18^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.19±0.13^a
深洼齿足象(Deracanthus jakovlevi)	0.04±0.04^a	0±0^a	0.44±0.18^a	0.63±0.23^a	0.04±0.04^a	0.04±0.04^a	0.44±0.11^a	0.63±0.21^a
大甜菜象(Cleonus verrucosus)	0.88±0.50^a	0.50±0.15^b	0.25±0.13^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.50±0.18^a	0.50±0.15^a	0.13±0.08^a	0±0^a
波笨粪金龟(Lethrus potanini)	0.17±0.06^a	0.42±0.15^a	0.19±0.13^b	1.19±0.58^a	0.13±0.09^a	0.25±0.16^a	0.50±0.16^a	0.31±0.16^a
戈壁琵甲(Blaps gobiensis)	2.75±1.09^a	2.58±0.62^a	2.63±0.58^a	1.31±0.43^b	2.46±0.38^a	7.67±2.88^a	3.06±0.95^a	3.88±0.61^a
中华砚甲(Cyphogenia chinensis)	0.38±0.12^a	0.58±0.16^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.13±0.13^a	0.50±0.13^a	0.79±0.46^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.06±0.06^a
克氏扁漠甲(Sternotrigon kraatzi)	0.75±0.21^a	0.33±0.09^b	0±0^a	0±0^a	1.21±0.41^a	1.29±0.17^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.06±0.06^a
宽突东鳖甲(Anatolica sternalis)	0.63±0.15^a	0.75±0.18^a	0±0^a	0.06±0.06^a	0.88±0.17^a	0.75±0.23^a	0.13±0.08^a	0.19±0.09^a
洛氏脊漠甲(Pterocoma loczyi)	4.33±0.73^a	3.71±0.47^a	0±0^a	0±0^a	3.83±0.55^a	4.88±0.99^a	0±0^a	0±0^a
阿小鳖甲(Microdera kraatzi alashanica)	1.46±0.30^a	2.13±0.54^a	1.82±0.49^a	1.63±0.69^a	2.46±0.65^a	1.13±0.18^a	2.13±1.39^a	0.63±0.28^a
荒漠收获蚁(Messor desertora)	2.38±0.48^a	2.71±0.63^a	2.50±0.79^a	2.56±0.65^a	2.42±0.66^a	3.17±0.59^a	2.50±1.30^a	2.13±0.65^a
艾箭蚁(Cataglyphis aenescens)	2.54±0.74^a	4.00±0.73^a	0.56±0.49^a	1.31±0.53^a	2.42±1.00^a	3.21±0.48^a	0.69±0.47^a	0.38±0.21^a