罗布泊荒漠药用植物根际可培养细菌多样性

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆罗布泊极端干旱区生态系统中蕴藏着丰富的微生物资源。为揭示该地区微生物资源的多样性和分布特征，采用6种培养基对样品中的细菌进行分离纯化，结合16S rRNA基因扩增、测序及系统发育分析，对分离获得的细菌进行鉴定和群落结构分析。结果表明：分离的细菌主要归属于放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和变形菌门（Proteobacteria），其中放线菌门和厚壁菌门为优势菌门。在属水平上，考克氏菌属（Kocuria）、诺卡氏菌属（Nocardiopsis）和盐水球菌属（Salinicoccus）是优势菌属。不同生境中可培养细菌的数量、群落结构和多样性存在显著差异，细菌丰富度沙土>珠芽蓼>芦苇>柽柳。4种生境中共分离出54个菌属，可培养菌落数为1.280×10⁵~2.168×10⁶ CFU·g^-1，并鉴定出41株潜在新种。本研究揭示了罗布泊地区可培养细菌的多样性特征，阐明了该地区珠芽蓼、柽柳和芦苇3种药用植物根际可培养细菌的菌属差异。

关键词: 罗布泊, 药用植物, 16S rRNA基因, 可培养, 细菌多样性

Abstract:

The ecosystem of Lop Nur in the extreme arid region of Xinjiang is rich in microbial resources， which aims to reveal the diversity and distribution characteristics of microbial resources in this area. Six kinds of media were used to isolate and purify the bacteria in the samples， and the isolated bacteria were identified and community structure analysis were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplification， sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The results showed that the isolated bacteria mainly belonged to Actinobacteria， Bacteroidetes， Firmicutes and Proteobacteria， among which Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla. At the genus level， Kocuria， Nocardiopsis and Salinicoccus are the dominant genera. There were significant differences in the number， community structure and diversity of culturable bacteria in different habitats， and the bacterial richness was sandy soil>Bistorta vivipara>Phragmites australis>Tamarix chinensis. A total of 54 genera were isolated from the four habitats， and the number of cultivable colonies was 1.280×10⁵~2.168×10⁶ CFU·g^-1， and 41 potential new species were identified. This study revealed the diversity characteristics of culturable bacteria in the Lop Nur area， and clarified the differences in the rhizosphere culturable bacteria of three medicinal plants， namely Knotweed， Tamarix and Phragmites australis， in this area.

Key words: Lop Nur, medicinal plants, 16S rRNA gene, culturable, bacterial diversity

中图分类号:

王二军, 张亚龙, 刘阳, 张怡洋, 晋玲, 章高森. 罗布泊荒漠药用植物根际可培养细菌多样性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2026, 46(1): 262-272.

Erjun Wang, Yalong Zhang, Yang Liu, Yiyang Zhang, Ling Jin, Gaosen Zhang. Cultivatable bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere of Lop Nur desert sandy soil and medicinal plants[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2026, 46(1): 262-272.

图/表 8

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培养基	成分及浓度/(g·L^-1)
NFM	KH₂PO₄: 1.0, K₂HPO₄: 1.54, NaCl: 0.05, CaCl₂: 0.04, FeCl₃: 0.004, MgSO₄: 0.1, 酵母浸粉: 0.8, 琼脂: 15.0, pH: 6.9±0.1
YMA	K₂HPO₄: 0.5, MgSO₄: 0.2, NaCl: 0.1, 甘露醇: 10.0, 酵母浸粉: 1.0, 刚果红: 0.025, 琼脂: 15.0, pH: 7.0±0.2
ISP2	麦芽浸粉: 10.0, 酵母浸粉: 4.0, 葡萄糖: 4.0, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.3±0.2
ISP7	L-天冬酰胺: 1.0, L-酪氨酸: 0.5, K₂HPO₄: 0.5, MgSO₄·7H₂O: 0.5, NaCl: 0.5, FeSO₄·7H₂O: 0.01, MnCl₂·4H₂O: 0.001, ZnSO₄·7H₂O: 0.001, 丙三醇: 18.9, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.0±0.2
R2A	胰蛋白胨: 0.25, 酸水解酪蛋白: 0.5, 酵母浸粉: 0.5, 可溶性淀粉: 0.5, K₂HPO₄: 0.3, MgSO₄: 0.1, 丙酮酸钠: 0.3, 蛋白胨: 0.25, 葡萄糖: 0.5, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.2±0.2
TSB	胰酪胨: 17.0, 大豆粉木瓜蛋白酶消化物: 3.0, 葡萄糖: 2.5, NaCl: 5.0, K₂HPO₄: 2.5, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.3±0.2

培养基	成分及浓度/(g·L^-1)
NFM	KH₂PO₄: 1.0, K₂HPO₄: 1.54, NaCl: 0.05, CaCl₂: 0.04, FeCl₃: 0.004, MgSO₄: 0.1, 酵母浸粉: 0.8, 琼脂: 15.0, pH: 6.9±0.1
YMA	K₂HPO₄: 0.5, MgSO₄: 0.2, NaCl: 0.1, 甘露醇: 10.0, 酵母浸粉: 1.0, 刚果红: 0.025, 琼脂: 15.0, pH: 7.0±0.2
ISP2	麦芽浸粉: 10.0, 酵母浸粉: 4.0, 葡萄糖: 4.0, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.3±0.2
ISP7	L-天冬酰胺: 1.0, L-酪氨酸: 0.5, K₂HPO₄: 0.5, MgSO₄·7H₂O: 0.5, NaCl: 0.5, FeSO₄·7H₂O: 0.01, MnCl₂·4H₂O: 0.001, ZnSO₄·7H₂O: 0.001, 丙三醇: 18.9, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.0±0.2
R2A	胰蛋白胨: 0.25, 酸水解酪蛋白: 0.5, 酵母浸粉: 0.5, 可溶性淀粉: 0.5, K₂HPO₄: 0.3, MgSO₄: 0.1, 丙酮酸钠: 0.3, 蛋白胨: 0.25, 葡萄糖: 0.5, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.2±0.2
TSB	胰酪胨: 17.0, 大豆粉木瓜蛋白酶消化物: 3.0, 葡萄糖: 2.5, NaCl: 5.0, K₂HPO₄: 2.5, 琼脂: 20.0, pH: 7.3±0.2

属名	编号	模式菌株	相似度	登录号
Dietzia	P35	Dietzia maris DSM 43672^T	98.60	X79290
Nocardiopsis	P323	Nocardiopsis akebiae HDS12^T	98.35	OM368592
Nesterenkonia	2L310	Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae EGI 80099^T	98.34	KF040423
Nesterenkonia	NL36	Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis IFAM EL-30^T	98.41	AJ290397
Nesterenkonia	N32	Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251^T	96.79	EF680886
Microbacterium	RL39	Microbacterium aerolatum NBRC 103071^T	98.20	BJUW01000027
Kocuria	P335	Kocuria salina Hv14b^T	97.97	LT674162
Kineococcus	R2L29	Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216^T	97.39	CP000750
Kineococcus	R217	Kineococcus mangrovi L2-1-L1^T	98.48	LC056925
Kineococcus	P319	Kineococcus gypseus YIM 121300^T	97.84	KP205400
Kineococcus	2L35	Kineococcus aureolus YIM 121940^T	98.26	KX943589
Geodermatophilus	A34	Geodermatophilus sabuli BMG8133^T	98.38	LN626269
Dietzia	A315	Dietzia aurantiaca CCUG 35676^T	97.23	FR821260
Brachybacterium	R39	Brachybacterium sacelli LMG 20345^T	98.37	AJ415384
Rufibacter	A316	Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3^T	97.89	JX949546
Pontibacter	N34	Pontibacter ramchanderi LP43^T	94.44	jgi.1102448
Pontibacter	P326	Pontibacter qinzhouensis GY10130^T	96.98	MZ318048
Kaistella	A110	Kaistella montana WG4^T	98.47	KX082815
Streptomyces	N21	Streptomyces calidiresistens YIM 78087^T	97.15	KJ361473
Salinicoccus	T55	Salinicoccus hispanicus DSM 5352^T	96.91	AY028927
Planococcus	T34	Planococcus wigleyi Sa1BUA13^T	98.45	JACSPU010000017
Planococcus	N23	Planococcus donghaensis DSM 22276^T	98.57	CP016544
Paraliobacillus	I7L23	Paraliobacillus sediminis 126C4^T	95.73	KU870235
Paenibacillus	R211	Paenibacillus massiliensis subsp panacisoli Gsoil 1411^T	97.55	AB245384
Paenibacillus	R2L12	Paenibacillus antri SYSU K30003^T	96.50	MK943674
Marinilactibacillus	R216	Marinilactibacillus piezotolerans DSM 16108^T	98.57	jgi.1067996
Gracilibacillus	T311	Gracilibacillus ureilyticus MF38^T	97.83	EU709020
Carnobacterium	T52	Carnobacterium pleistocenium FTR1^T	96.40	JQLQ01000002
Carnobacterium	TL56	Carnobacterium inhibens subsp Inhibens DSM 13024^T	95.93	JQIV01000006
Bacillus	T312	Bacillus arachidis SY8^T	97.94	OM062591
Skermanella	R31	Skermanella aerolata 5416T-32^T	98.31	DQ672568
Ramlibacter	A318	Ramlibacter solisilvae 5-10^T	97.71	CP010951
Plastorhodobacter	TL35	Plastorhodobacter daqingensis DQW12E81-30^T	97.08	KF312713
Pararoseomonas	R2L313	Pararoseomonas rosea 173-96^T	98.22	AJ488505
Paracoccus	I7L27	Paracoccus tibetensis Tibet-S9a3^T	98.04	DQ108402
Paracoccus	P340	Paracoccus nototheniae I-41R45^T	98.28	MH065728
Paracoccus	TL23	Paracoccus marcusii DSM 11574^T	98.34	Y12703
Kushneria	RL211	Kushneria pakistanensis NCCP-934^T	98.15	AB970675
Halomonas	TL312	Halomonas rifensis HK31^T	97.43	HM026177
Halomonas	N314	Halomonas desiderata FB2^T	97.86	X92417
Azospirillum	N317	Azospirillum doebereinerae GSF71^T	98.48	AJ238567

属名	编号	模式菌株	相似度	登录号
Dietzia	P35	Dietzia maris DSM 43672^T	98.60	X79290
Nocardiopsis	P323	Nocardiopsis akebiae HDS12^T	98.35	OM368592
Nesterenkonia	2L310	Nesterenkonia rhizosphaerae EGI 80099^T	98.34	KF040423
Nesterenkonia	NL36	Nesterenkonia lacusekhoensis IFAM EL-30^T	98.41	AJ290397
Nesterenkonia	N32	Nesterenkonia flava CAAS 251^T	96.79	EF680886
Microbacterium	RL39	Microbacterium aerolatum NBRC 103071^T	98.20	BJUW01000027
Kocuria	P335	Kocuria salina Hv14b^T	97.97	LT674162
Kineococcus	R2L29	Kineococcus radiotolerans SRS30216^T	97.39	CP000750
Kineococcus	R217	Kineococcus mangrovi L2-1-L1^T	98.48	LC056925
Kineococcus	P319	Kineococcus gypseus YIM 121300^T	97.84	KP205400
Kineococcus	2L35	Kineococcus aureolus YIM 121940^T	98.26	KX943589
Geodermatophilus	A34	Geodermatophilus sabuli BMG8133^T	98.38	LN626269
Dietzia	A315	Dietzia aurantiaca CCUG 35676^T	97.23	FR821260
Brachybacterium	R39	Brachybacterium sacelli LMG 20345^T	98.37	AJ415384
Rufibacter	A316	Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3^T	97.89	JX949546
Pontibacter	N34	Pontibacter ramchanderi LP43^T	94.44	jgi.1102448
Pontibacter	P326	Pontibacter qinzhouensis GY10130^T	96.98	MZ318048
Kaistella	A110	Kaistella montana WG4^T	98.47	KX082815
Streptomyces	N21	Streptomyces calidiresistens YIM 78087^T	97.15	KJ361473
Salinicoccus	T55	Salinicoccus hispanicus DSM 5352^T	96.91	AY028927
Planococcus	T34	Planococcus wigleyi Sa1BUA13^T	98.45	JACSPU010000017
Planococcus	N23	Planococcus donghaensis DSM 22276^T	98.57	CP016544
Paraliobacillus	I7L23	Paraliobacillus sediminis 126C4^T	95.73	KU870235
Paenibacillus	R211	Paenibacillus massiliensis subsp panacisoli Gsoil 1411^T	97.55	AB245384
Paenibacillus	R2L12	Paenibacillus antri SYSU K30003^T	96.50	MK943674
Marinilactibacillus	R216	Marinilactibacillus piezotolerans DSM 16108^T	98.57	jgi.1067996
Gracilibacillus	T311	Gracilibacillus ureilyticus MF38^T	97.83	EU709020
Carnobacterium	T52	Carnobacterium pleistocenium FTR1^T	96.40	JQLQ01000002
Carnobacterium	TL56	Carnobacterium inhibens subsp Inhibens DSM 13024^T	95.93	JQIV01000006
Bacillus	T312	Bacillus arachidis SY8^T	97.94	OM062591
Skermanella	R31	Skermanella aerolata 5416T-32^T	98.31	DQ672568
Ramlibacter	A318	Ramlibacter solisilvae 5-10^T	97.71	CP010951
Plastorhodobacter	TL35	Plastorhodobacter daqingensis DQW12E81-30^T	97.08	KF312713
Pararoseomonas	R2L313	Pararoseomonas rosea 173-96^T	98.22	AJ488505
Paracoccus	I7L27	Paracoccus tibetensis Tibet-S9a3^T	98.04	DQ108402
Paracoccus	P340	Paracoccus nototheniae I-41R45^T	98.28	MH065728
Paracoccus	TL23	Paracoccus marcusii DSM 11574^T	98.34	Y12703
Kushneria	RL211	Kushneria pakistanensis NCCP-934^T	98.15	AB970675
Halomonas	TL312	Halomonas rifensis HK31^T	97.43	HM026177
Halomonas	N314	Halomonas desiderata FB2^T	97.86	X92417
Azospirillum	N317	Azospirillum doebereinerae GSF71^T	98.48	AJ238567

生境	菌属
SS	Agrococcus，Pseudoclavibacter，Rhodococcus，Saccharothrix，Sanguibacter，Pontibacter，Rufibacter，Gracilibacillus，Paraliobacillus，Planococcus，Salinicoccus，Sediminibacillus，Streptococcus，Aliihoeflea，Pararoseomonas，Plastorhodobacter，Ramlibacter，Skermanella
ZS	Blastococcus，Brachybacterium，Cellulomonas，Dietzia，Geodermatophilus，Gordonia，Nocardioides，Nocardiopsis，Carnobacterium，Neobacillus，Oceanobacillus，Aurantimonas，Azospirillum，Coralloluteibacterium，Geminicoccus，Kushneria，Microvirga
LS	Stutzerimonas
CS	Isoptericola，Zhihengliuella，Kaistella，Terribacillus
SS&ZS	Arthrobacter，Kineococcus，Microbacterium，Bacillus，Metabacillus，Paenibacillus，Halomonas，Paracoccus
SS&ZS&LS	Georgenia，Nesterenkonia，Marinilactibacillus
SS&ZS&LS&CS	Kocuria，Streptomyces
SS&ZS&CS	Modestobacter