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中国沙漠 ›› 2026, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 105-120.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2025.00334

• • 上一篇    

祁连山国家公园乔木林生态系统稳定性对气候变化的响应

陈军伟1,2(), 常学向1,2(), 田全彦1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站/干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室,甘肃 兰州 730000
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-23 修回日期:2025-12-23 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-03-09
  • 通讯作者: 常学向
  • 作者简介:陈军伟(2000—),男,甘肃兰州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为自然地理学。E-mail: chenjunwei@nieer.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32271667)

Response of arboreal forest ecosystem stability to climate change in Qilian Mountain National Park

Junwei Chen1,2(), Xuexiang Chang1,2(), Quanyan Tian1,2   

  1. 1.Inland River Basin Research Station of China Ecosystem Research Network / Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Security and Sustainable Development in Arid Areas,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,China
    2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
  • Received:2025-11-23 Revised:2025-12-23 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-03-09
  • Contact: Xuexiang Chang

摘要:

气候变化加剧了生态系统稳定性的不确定性。祁连山是西北干旱区重要的生态安全屏障,尤其是乔木林生态系统在涵养水源和维系生态功能方面处于核心地位。因此,识别气候变化对祁连山乔木林生态系统稳定性的影响机制,是提升祁连山生态系统适应气候变化的管理能力、维护绿洲水资源与生态安全、促进社会经济可持续发展的关键。本文以祁连山国家公园为研究区,基于1987—2021年Landsat遥感影像与高分辨率气候数据,构建乔木林生态系统的森林稳定性指数(FSI),并结合小波分析和多元线性回归,定量评估乔木林生态系统稳定性的时空格局动态变化及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:(1)乔木林生态系统整体稳定性较高,极高稳定性面积占77.25%;(2)1991—2021年乔木林区气温和降水分别以0.024 ℃·a⁻¹和7.32 mm·a⁻¹的速率增长,同期FSI提升显著,年均增长率为0.027;(3)乔木林生态系统稳定性与升温呈正相关(FSI增幅0.09~0.30·℃⁻¹);在大部分分析单元降水增加对乔木林生态系统稳定性的影响表现为正效应(FSI增幅为0.15/1 000 mm~0.68/1 000 mm),在分析单元Ⅰ的表现为负效应(FSI增幅为-0.26/1 000 mm);气候弹性指数(CE)对乔木林生态系统稳定性的影响表现为负效应,CE每增加0.10,FSI降低1.00~1.75。

关键词: 生态系统稳定性, 气候变化, 乔木林生态系统, 空间异质性, 祁连山国家公园

Abstract:

Climate change has increased the uncertainty of ecosystem stability. As a key ecological barrier in northwestern arid region of China, the Qilian Mountains rely on arboreal forests for water conservation and ecological functioning. Identifying how climate change affects the stability of these forests is essential for adaptive management, safeguarding oasis water resources, and promoting sustainable development. Using Qilian Mountain National Park as the study area, we constructed a Forest Stability Index (FSI) based on Landsat imagery (1987-2021) and high-resolution climate data, and applied wavelet analysis and multiple linear regression to assess spatiotemporal patterns of forest stability and their responses to climate change. Results show that: (1) forest ecosystems were highly stable, with extremely high stability covering 77.25% of the area; (2) from 1991 to 2021, temperature and precipitation increased by 0.024 ℃ and 7.32 mm annually, while FSI rose significantly at 0.027 per year; (3) warming was positively associated with stability (FSI increase of 0.09-0.30 per ℃), precipitation generally had positive effects (0.15-0.68 per 1 000 mm) but was negative in Unit I (-0.26 per 1 000 mm), and the climate elasticity index (CE) showed negative effects, with each 0.10 increase reducing FSI by 1.00-1.75.

Key words: ecosystem stability, climate change, arboreal forest ecosystem, spatial heterogeneity, Qilian Mountain National Park

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